Abstract:
:Free radical oxidation of cholesterol and its precursors contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of a number of human diseases. This review intends to summarize recent developments and provide a perspective on the reactivities of sterols toward free radical oxidation, the free radical reaction mechanism, and the biological consequences of oxysterols derived from the highly oxidizable cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol. We propose that the rigid structures, additional substituents on the double bonds, and the well-aligned reactive C-H bonds in sterols make them more prone to free radical oxidation than their acyclic analogs found in unsaturated fatty acids. The mechanism of sterol peroxidation follows some well-established reaction pathways found in the free radical peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but sterols also undergo some reactions that are unique to these compounds. Peroxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol gives arguably the most diverse set of oxysterol products that have been observed to date. The metabolism of these oxysterols in cells and the biological consequences of their formation will be discussed in the context of the pathophysiology of the human disease Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Considering the high reactivity of sterols, we propose that a number of other cholesterol biosynthesis disorders may be associated with oxidative stress.
journal_name
Free Radic Resjournal_title
Free radical researchauthors
Xu L,Porter NAdoi
10.3109/10715762.2014.985219subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
835-49issue
7eissn
1071-5762issn
1029-2470journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) induced hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) formation was measured in household drinking water and metal supplemented Milli-Q water by using the FOX assay. Here we show that ascorbic acid readily induces H(2)O(2) formation in Cu(II) supplemented Milli-Q water and poorly buffered household drinking w...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760500249861
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of oxidative stress status (OSS) in human tissues is still troublesome. Using an innovative EPR-radical-probe we successfully measured the instantaneous concentration of ROS directly in peripheral blood of athletes and normally active workers during 60 min controlled exercise. The probe employed was bis(1-h...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1071576031000076240
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose at pathophysiological concentrations was able to accelerate copper-induced oxidation of isolated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and whole serum. The efficiency of glucose was favored under the following circumstances: (a) when LDL oxidation was induced by low copper concentration, (b) when LDL was partly oxidiz...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760290025906
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of various free radicals derived from 6-formylpterin (6-FP), alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) combined with hyperthermia, on gene expression in similarly enhanced apoptosis of human lymphoma U937 cells were investigated using cDNA microarrays c...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760600946432
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of 5-lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase activities has not been extensively studied among young male smokers. Leukotriene B(4), 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B(4), 20-carboxy-leukotriene B(4) and 3-chlorotyrosine were measured in plasma and urinary samples of young male smokers at 8 hours following cigarette a...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715762.2012.701291
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A zinc(II) phthalocyanine compound, tetra-alpha-(2,2,4-tirmethyl-3-pentoxy) Phthalocyanine Zinc (ZnPc(OR)(4)) was synthesized in this paper and this zinc (II) phthalocyanine compound was used as the photosensitizer in the photoinduced chemiluminescence (PCL) of lucigenin in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The photoexcite...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760701836839
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is an allergic inflammation driven by the Th2 immune response with release of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which contribute to the airflow limitations and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The involvement of oxidative stress in this process is well-established, but the specific role of the superoxide anion...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715762.2017.1364377
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LOX-1) has been identified in endothelial cells as the main receptor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). LOX-1 is upregulated in the presence of pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes because it acts as a mediator of "endothe...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10715762.2014.929122
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondria-specific phospholipid and is critical for maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial function. CL also plays an active role in mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by interacting with cytochrome c (cyt c), tBid and other important Bcl-2 proteins. The unique str...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10715762.2012.676642
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adriamycin (ADR) is nephrotoxic. One component of ADR-induced nephropathy may be oxidative stress. This study used a recently developed line of transgenic mice (Nmt) on the FVB background strain, which over-express the antioxidant protein metallothionein (MT) in podocytes. Cultured podocytes from Nmt mice were resista...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760802657308
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is associated with many cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Oxidative stress reportedly activates the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VDCCL) and elevates [Ca2+]i in many cells. However, how oxidative stress activates VDCCL under clinical setting and the consequenc...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715762.2018.1556394
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, after 30 min of preperfusion, were submitted to increasing times of global normothermic ischemia (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min) or to the same times of ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Analysis of malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid, oxypurines, nucleosides, nicotinic coen...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715769809097873
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is an antioxidant enzyme that, when secreted, can act as a proinflammatory signal. Here we studied the regulation of intracellular PRDX1 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. While LPS or IFN-γ alone did not affect PRDX1 protein le...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715762.2019.1637863
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidatively generated damage to nucleic acids may play an important role in the pathophysiological processes of a variety of diseases. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGsn) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-Gsn) are oxidatively generated products of DNA and RNA, respectively. Our previous studies have s...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715762.2017.1346249
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular levels of H2O2 in BHK-21 cells are not static but decline progressively with cell growth. Exposure of cells to inhibitors of catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, not only diminishes this decline but also depresses rates of cell proliferation, suggesting important growth regulatory roles for those antioxi...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715769509065268
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globular adiponectin (gAd) induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264. This study investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in gAd-induced ROS and NO generation. gAd stimulation induced phosphorylation of mTOR, which ...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715760903348328
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels have been found to be low in human pancreatic cancer [Pancreas 26, (2003), 23] and human pancreatic cancer cell lines [Cancer Res. 63, (2003), 1297] when compared to normal human pancreas. We hypothesized that stable overexpression of pancreatic cancer cells with MnSOD cDN...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760400017376
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we studied whether chronic oral administration of the natural antioxidant, malabaricone C (mal C) can reduce blood pressure (BP) and attenuate cardio-vascular remodeling in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. The dose of mal C for its anti-hypertensive action was optimized by meas...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715762.2015.1112005
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715762.2013.794265
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::α-Tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) is a fat-soluble vitamin that can prevent lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. This antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol can help to prevent cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and cancer. We investigated the α-tocopherol level and the expression of α-tocopherol transfer protein...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760310001600426
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a correlation between oxidative stress generated by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) metabolism and liver cancer development. Quercetin is a flavonoid with anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant properties. This study demonstrates the mechanism of action for the chemopreventive effect of quercetin. A 10 mg/kg dose of quer...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760802626535
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indoles are very common in the body and diet and participate in many biochemical processes. A total of twenty-nine indoles and analogs were examined for their properties as antioxidants and radical scavengers against 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS*+ radical cation. With only a few exception...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10611860310001648167
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydroxyl radical (*OH) generation in the kidney of mice treated with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) or potassium bromate (KBrO3) in vivo was estimated by the salicylate hydroxylation method, using the optimal experimental conditions we recently reported. Induction of DNA lesions and lipid peroxidation in the kidney...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760701644019
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver microsomal functions related to xenobiotic biotransformation and free radical production were studied in control rats and in animals subjected to L-3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and/or lindane administration as possible mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress, in relation to the activity of enzymes (superoxid...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715769800300051
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cells, NADH and NADPH are mainly bound to dehydrogenases such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In cell-free systems, the binary LDH-NADH complex has been demonstrated to produce reactive oxygen species via a chain oxidation of NADH initiated and propagated by superoxide. We studied here whether this chain radical re...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10715760500231786
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated effect of aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) on prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptors of liver plasma membranes. The modification of the membranes by MDA diminished PGE2 binding, decreasing receptor affinity for PGE2 and receptor density whereas HNE inc...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715769609149064
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade, a dual character of cell response to oxidative stress, eustress versus distress, has become increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence indicates that under physiological conditions, low concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) maintained by the activity of endogenous...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10715762.2018.1457217
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::γ-Tocopherol (γ-T) scavenges reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to form 5-NO2-γ-T (NGT). However, α-T supplementation decreases circulating γ-T, which could limit its RNS scavenging activities. We hypothesized that α-T supplementation would mitigate NGT accumulation by impairing γ-T status. Healthy smokers (21 ± 1 y, n =...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715762.2015.1040788
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid peroxidation (LPO) product accumulation in human tissues is a major cause of tissular and cellular dysfunction that plays a major role in ageing and most age-related and oxidative stress-related diseases. The current evidence for the implication of LPO in pathological processes is discussed in this review. New d...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10715762.2010.498478
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of curcumin on liver injury in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) through modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg), and curcumin was given at 100 ...
journal_title:Free radical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10715762.2014.999674
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00