Abstract:
:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans than in Europeans. However, little is known about the genetic risk in African Americans despite the recent identification of more than 70 T2D loci primarily by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In order to investigate the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium examined 17 GWAS on T2D comprising 8,284 cases and 15,543 controls in African Americans in stage 1 analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis was conducted in each study under the additive model after adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components. Meta-analysis of approximately 2.6 million genotyped and imputed SNPs in all studies was conducted using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effect model. Replications were performed to follow up 21 loci in up to 6,061 cases and 5,483 controls in African Americans, and 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls of European ancestry. We identified three known loci (TCF7L2, HMGA2 and KCNQ1) and two novel loci (HLA-B and INS-IGF2) at genome-wide significance (4.15 × 10(-94)
journal_name
PLoS Genetjournal_title
PLoS geneticsauthors
Ng MC,Shriner D,Chen BH,Li J,Chen WM,Guo X,Liu J,Bielinski SJ,Yanek LR,Nalls MA,Comeau ME,Rasmussen-Torvik LJ,Jensen RA,Evans DS,Sun YV,An P,Patel SR,Lu Y,Long J,Armstrong LL,Wagenknecht L,Yang L,Snively BM,doi
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004517subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-07 00:00:00pages
e1004517issue
8eissn
1553-7390issn
1553-7404pii
PGENETICS-D-14-00185journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析相关文献
PLoS Genetics文献大全abstract::5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, approved by the FDA for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), is incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells where it specifically inhibits DNA methylation by forming covalent complexes with the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). In an effort to study the correlations between DNA methyl...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002604
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced bacterial genomes and most genomes of cell organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) do not encode the full set of 32 tRNA species required to read all triplets of the genetic code according to the conventional wobble rules. Superwobbling, in which a single tRNA species that contains a uridine in the wobble p...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003076
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that selfishly replicate at the expense of host fitness. Fifty years of evolutionary studies of TEs have concentrated on the deleterious genetic effects of TEs, such as their effects on disrupting genes and regulatory sequences. However, a flurry of recent work suggest...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008872
更新日期:2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Wnt signaling provides a paradigm for cell-cell signals that regulate embryonic development and stem cell homeostasis and are inappropriately activated in cancers. The tumor suppressors APC and Axin form the core of the multiprotein destruction complex, which targets the Wnt-effector beta-catenin for phosphorylation, ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007339
更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The number of recombination events per meiosis varies extensively among individuals. This recombination phenotype differs between female and male, and also among individuals of each gender. In this study, we used high-density SNP genotypes of over 2,300 individuals and their offspring in two datasets to characterize r...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000648
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elg1, the major subunit of a Replication Factor C-like complex, is critical to ensure genomic stability during DNA replication, and is implicated in controlling chromatin structure. We investigated the consequences of Elg1 loss for the dynamics of chromatin re-formation following DNA replication. Measurement of Okazak...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007783
更新日期:2018-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Iran, despite its size, geographic location and past cultural influence, has largely been a blind spot for human population genetic studies. With only sparse genetic information on the Iranian population available, we pursued its genome-wide and geographic characterization based on 1021 samples from eleven ethnic grou...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetochore is the central molecular machine that drives chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes. Genetic studies have suggested that protein sumoylation plays a role in regulating the inner kinetochore; however, the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ulp2, an evolutionarily co...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008477
更新日期:2019-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification that is critical for gene silencing and the maintenance of genome integrity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the de novo DNA methyltransferase, domains rearranged methyltransferase 2 (DRM2), is targeted to specific genomic loci by 24 nt small interfering ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002195
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type-III protein secretion systems are utilized by gram-negative pathogens to secrete building blocks of the bacterial flagellum, virulence effectors from the cytoplasm into host cells, and structural subunits of the needle complex. The flagellar type-III secretion apparatus utilizes both the energy of the proton moti...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004800
更新日期:2014-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Dancing, which is integrally related to music, likely has its origins close to the birth of Homo sapiens, and throughout our history, dancing has been universally practiced in all societies. We hypothesized that there are differences among individuals in aptitude, propensity, and need for dancing that may partially be...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010042
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asymmetrical segregation of differentiated sister chromatids is thought to be important for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes. Similarly, in fission yeast, cellular differentiation involves the asymmetrical segregation of a chromosomal imprint. This imprint has been shown to consist of two ribonucleotides ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001328
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005038.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006559
更新日期:2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Here we report a stop-mutation in the BOD1 (Biorientation Defective 1) gene, which co-segregates with intellectual disability in a large consanguineous family, where individuals that are homozygous for the mutation have no detectable BOD1 mRNA or protein. The BOD1 protein is required for proper chromosome segregation,...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006022
更新日期:2016-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past four decades, the predominant view of molecular evolution saw little connection between natural selection and genome evolution, assuming that the functionally constrained fraction of the genome is relatively small and that adaptation is sufficiently infrequent to play little role in shaping patterns of v...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000495
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although multiple environmental cues regulate the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, previous studies have suggested that wild A. thaliana accessions fall primarily into two classes, distinguished by their requirement for vernalization (extended winter-like temperatures), which enables rapid flowering un...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010006
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila genes spalt major (salm) and spalt-related (salr) encode Zn-finger transcription factors regulated by the Decapentaplegic (Dpp) signalling pathway in the wing imaginal disc. The function of these genes is required for cell survival and proliferation in the central region of the wing disc, and also for v...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005370
更新日期:2015-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the Unfolded Protein Response, a compensatory signaling response that is mediated by the IRE-1, PERK/PEK-1, and ATF-6 pathways in metazoans. Genetic studies have implicated roles for UPR signaling in animal development and disease, but the function of the UPR under physiolog...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002391
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A crucial step in the development of muscle cells in all metazoan animals is the assembly and anchorage of the sarcomere, the essential repeat unit responsible for muscle contraction. In Caenorhabditis elegans, many of the critical proteins involved in this process have been uncovered through mutational screens focusi...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000537
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytosine methylation is an ancient epigenetic modification yet its function and extent within genomes is highly variable across eukaryotes. In mammals, methylation controls transposable elements and regulates the promoters of genes. In insects, DNA methylation is generally restricted to a small subset of transcribed g...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008864
更新日期:2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::In many insects, the accessory gland, a secretory tissue of the male reproductive system, is essential for male fertility. Male accessory gland is the major source of proteinaceous secretions, collectively called as seminal proteins (or accessory gland proteins), which upon transfer, manipulate the physiology and beha...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006788
更新日期:2017-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::In metazoans, apoptotic cells are swiftly engulfed by phagocytes and degraded inside phagosomes. Multiple small GTPases in the Rab family are known to function in phagosome maturation by regulating vesicle trafficking. We discovered rab-35 as a new gene important for apoptotic cell clearance from a genetic screen targ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007558
更新日期:2018-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how axon guidance receptors are activated by their extracellular ligands to regulate growth cone motility is critical to learning how proper wiring is established during development. Roundabout (Robo) is one such guidance receptor that mediates repulsion from its ligand Slit in both invertebrates and ver...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005402
更新日期:2015-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Marine ecosystems are changing rapidly as the oceans warm and become more acidic. The physical factors and the changes to ocean chemistry that they drive can all be measured with great precision. Changes in the biological composition of communities in different ocean regions are far more challenging to measure because...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007943
更新日期:2019-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins are important signaling components of both the canonical beta-catenin/Wnt pathway, which controls cell proliferation and patterning, and the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which coordinates cell polarity within a sheet of cells and also directs convergent extension cell (CE) movements t...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000259
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Checkpoint pathways regulate genomic integrity in part by blocking anaphase until all chromosomes have been completely replicated, repaired, and correctly aligned on the spindle. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA damage and mono-oriented or unattached kinetochores trigger checkpoint pathways that bifurcate to regulate ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002176
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In multicellular organisms, tight regulation of gene expression ensures appropriate tissue and organismal growth throughout development. Reversible phosphorylation of the RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) is critical for the regulation of gene expression states, but how phosphorylation is actively mod...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003885
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a fetal overgrowth and human imprinting disorder resulting from the deregulation of a number of genes, including IGF2 and CDKN1C, in the imprinted gene cluster on chromosome 11p15.5. Most cases are sporadic and result from epimutations at either of the two 11p15.5 imprinting centre...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000423
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homology-dependent repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by gene conversion involves short tracts of DNA synthesis and limited loss of heterozygosity (LOH). For DSBs that present only one end, repair occurs by invasion into a homologous sequence followed by replication to the end of the chromosome resulting in ext...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001007
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual development is a key evolutionary innovation of eukaryotes. In many species, mating involves interaction between compatible mating partners that can undergo cell and nuclear fusion and subsequent steps of development including meiosis. Mating compatibility in fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) loci. In ...
journal_title:PLoS genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008365
更新日期:2019-09-06 00:00:00