Abstract:
:In the last century, vaccination has been the most effective medical intervention to reduce death and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. It is believed that vaccines save at least 2-3 million lives per year worldwide. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio has almost disappeared worldwide through global vaccine campaigns. Most of the viral and bacterial infections that traditionally affected children have been drastically reduced thanks to national immunization programs in developed countries. However, many diseases are not yet preventable by vaccination, and vaccines have not been fully exploited for target populations such as elderly and pregnant women. This review focuses on the state of the art of recent clinical trials of vaccines for major unmet medical needs such as HIV, malaria, TB, and cancer. In addition, we describe the innovative technologies currently used in vaccine research and development including adjuvants, vectors, nucleic acid vaccines, and structure-based antigen design. The hope is that thanks to these technologies, more diseases will be addressed in the 21st century by novel preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
journal_name
EMBO Mol Medjournal_title
EMBO molecular medicineauthors
Delany I,Rappuoli R,De Gregorio Edoi
10.1002/emmm.201403876subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
708-20issue
6eissn
1757-4676issn
1757-4684pii
emmm.201403876journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Although dysfunction of podocytes, also termed glomerular visceral epithelial cells, is critically associated with diabetic nephropathy, the mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction still remains obscure. Here, we identify that KDM6A, a histone lys...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201809828
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disturbances in the morphology and function of mitochondria cause neurological diseases, which can affect the central and peripheral nervous system. The i-AAA protease YME1L ensures mitochondrial proteostasis and regulates mitochondrial dynamics by processing of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1. Mutations in YME1L cause a...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201809288
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the normal quiescent vasculature, only 0.01% of endothelial cells (ECs) are proliferating. However, this proportion increases dramatically following the angiogenic switch during tumor growth or wound healing. Recent evidence suggests that this angiogenic switch is accompanied by a metabolic switch. Here, we show th...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201303016
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleoside adenosine is a potent regulator of vascular homeostasis, but it remains unclear how expression or function of the adenosine-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) and the intracellular adenosine levels influence angiogenesis. We show here that hypoxia lowered the expression of ADK and increased the ...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201607066
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organismal ageing is a complex process driving progressive impairment of functionality and regenerative potential of tissues. Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest occurring in response to damage and stress and is considered a hallmark of ageing. Senescent cells accumulate in multiple organs durin...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.15252/emmm.201810234
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arteriogenesis-the growth of collateral arterioles-partially compensates for the progressive occlusion of large conductance arteries as it may occur as a consequence of coronary, cerebral or peripheral artery disease. Despite being clinically highly relevant, mechanisms driving this process remain elusive. In this con...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201403864
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 gene strongly predispose women to breast cancer (lifetime risk up to 80%). Furthermore, the BRCA1 protein is absent or present at very low levels in about one third of sporadic breast cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying BRCA1 somatic inactivation appear multiple and are still n...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201100136
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of pathogenic antibodies is a major problem in replacement therapies for inherited protein deficiencies. For example, antibodies to coagulation factors ('inhibitors') seriously complicate treatment of haemophilia. While immune tolerance induction (ITI) protocols have been developed, inhibitors against factor...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201302859
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A homozygous mutation in the gene for sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R) is a cause of inherited juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS16). Sig1R localizes to the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), which is an interface of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. However, the role of the MAM in ALS is not fully elucida...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201606403
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progression to severe disease is a difficult problem in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to explore changes in markers of severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Sixty-nine severe COVID-19 patients were included. Patients with severe disease showed significant lymphocytopenia. El...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.202012421
更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of genetic disorders due to defects in any aspect of lysosomal biology. During the past two decades, different approaches have been introduced for the treatment of these conditions. Among them, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) represented a major advance and is used succes...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/emmm.200900036
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine is a common disabling brain disorder. A subtype of migraine with aura (familial hemiplegic migraine type 2: FHM2) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in α2 Na(+),K(+) ATPase (α2 NKA), an isoform almost exclusively expressed in astrocytes in adult brain. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), the phenomenon ...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201505944
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder with mental retardation (MR). Recently, mutations in the SIL1 gene, encoding a co-chaperone which regulates the chaperone HSPA5, were identified as a major cause of MSS. We here examined the pathophysiological significance of SIL1 muta...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201303069
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an urgent need for new tools to combat the ongoing tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Gene expression profiles based on blood signatures have proved useful in identifying genes that enable classification of TB patients, but have thus far been complex. Using real-time PCR analysis, we evaluated the expression profile...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201505790
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is an androgen-regulated gene whose mRNA expression is increased in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that STAMP2 protein expression is increased in human PCa compared with benign prostate that is also correlated with tumor grade and treatment response. We also s...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201404181
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive bacteria that cause infections in utero and in newborns. We recently showed that the GBS pigment is hemolytic and increased pigment production promotes bacterial penetration of human placenta. However, mechanisms utilized by the hemolytic pigment to induce host cell lysis a...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201404883
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinitis pigmentosa, caused predominantly by mutations in photoreceptor genes, currently lacks comprehensive treatment. We discover that retinal microglia contribute non-cell autonomously to rod photoreceptor degeneration by primary phagocytosis of living rods. Using rd10 mice, we found that the initiation of rod deg...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201505298
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Senescent cells accumulate in multiple aging-associated diseases, and eliminating these cells has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Here, we take advantage of the high lysosomal β-galactosidase activity of senescent cells to design a drug delivery system based on the encapsulation of drugs with gal...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201809355
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling (IIS) pathway regulates cellular and organismal metabolism and controls the rate of aging. Gain-of-function mutations in p110α, the principal mammalian IIS-responsive isoform of PI 3-kinase (PI3K), promote cancer. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in p110α impa...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201201953
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is a molecularly, biologically and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders. Understanding this diversity is essential to improving diagnosis and optimizing treatment. Both genetic and acquired epigenetic abnormalities participate in cancer, but the involvement of the epigenome in breast cancer and it...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201100801
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in determining stem cell fates. However, it is controversial to which direction between self-renewal and differentiation the hypoxia drives the stem cells. Here, we investigated whether a short exposure to hypoxia (termed 'hypoxic-priming') efficiently directed and prom...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201101107
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Baricitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that was independently predicted, using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to be useful for COVID-19 infection via proposed anti-cytokine effects and as an inhibitor of host cell viral propagation. W...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.202012697
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) are initiated by mutations arising in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor gene. However, a new class of non-APC mutated CRCs has been defined that have a serrated histopathology and carry the (V600E)BRAF oncogene. Here we have investigated the pathogen...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201000099
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain metastasis of breast cancer profoundly affects the cognitive and sensory functions as well as morbidity of patients, and the 1 year survival rate among these patients remains less than 20%. However, the pathological mechanism of brain metastasis is as yet poorly understood. In this report, we found that metastat...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201201623
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report, we describe the development of a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid and promoter for transduction of retinal ON-bipolar cells. The bipolar cells, which are post-synaptic to the photoreceptors, are important retinal targets for both basic and preclinical research. In particular, a therapeutic ...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201404077
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tumour microenvironment is known to play an integral role in facilitating cancer progression at advanced stages, but its function in some pre-cancerous lesions remains elusive. We have used the (V600) (E)BRAF-driven mouse lung model that develop premalignant lesions to understand stroma-tumour interactions during ...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201404838
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy relies on periodic, massive cancer cell ablation events followed by treatment-free intermissions, stereotypically resulting in resistance, relapse, and mortality. Furthermore, MTD chemotherapy can promote metastatic dissemination via activation of a transcriptiona...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201911416
更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, especially since the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We show that silencing of the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein PHD1, but not PHD2 or PHD3, prevents p53 activation upon chemotherapy in different CRC ce...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201505492
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell fate determinant Numb is frequently downregulated in human breast cancers (BCs), resulting in p53 inactivation and an aggressive disease course. In the mouse mammary gland, Numb/p53 downregulation leads to aberrant tissue morphogenesis, expansion of the stem cell compartment, and emergence of cancer stem cell...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/emmm.201606940
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Plasmodium-infected hepatocyte has been considered necessary to prime the immune responses leading to sterile protection after vaccination with attenuated sporozoites. However, it has recently been demonstrated that priming also occurs in the skin. We wished to establish if sterile protection could be obtained in ...
journal_title:EMBO molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/emmm.201201677
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00