Intracellular adenosine regulates epigenetic programming in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis.

Abstract:

:The nucleoside adenosine is a potent regulator of vascular homeostasis, but it remains unclear how expression or function of the adenosine-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) and the intracellular adenosine levels influence angiogenesis. We show here that hypoxia lowered the expression of ADK and increased the levels of intracellular adenosine in human endothelial cells. Knockdown (KD) of ADK elevated intracellular adenosine, promoted proliferation, migration, and angiogenic sprouting in human endothelial cells. Additionally, mice deficient in endothelial ADK displayed increased angiogenesis as evidenced by the rapid development of the retinal and hindbrain vasculature, increased healing of skin wounds, and prompt recovery of arterial blood flow in the ischemic hindlimb. Mechanistically, hypomethylation of the promoters of a series of pro-angiogenic genes, especially for VEGFR2 in ADK KD cells, was demonstrated by the Infinium methylation assay. Methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation further confirmed hypomethylation in the promoter region of VEGFR2 in ADK-deficient endothelial cells. Accordingly, loss or inactivation of ADK increased VEGFR2 expression and signaling in endothelial cells. Based on these findings, we propose that ADK downregulation-induced elevation of intracellular adenosine levels in endothelial cells in the setting of hypoxia is one of the crucial intrinsic mechanisms that promote angiogenesis.

journal_name

EMBO Mol Med

journal_title

EMBO molecular medicine

authors

Xu Y,Wang Y,Yan S,Zhou Y,Yang Q,Pan Y,Zeng X,An X,Liu Z,Wang L,Xu J,Cao Y,Fulton DJ,Weintraub NL,Bagi Z,Hoda MN,Wang X,Li Q,Hong M,Jiang X,Boison D,Weber C,Wu C,Huo Y

doi

10.15252/emmm.201607066

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1263-1278

issue

9

eissn

1757-4676

issn

1757-4684

pii

emmm.201607066

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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