Abstract:
:A receptive field constitutes a region in the visual field where a visual cell or a visual operator responds to visual stimuli. This paper presents a theory for what types of receptive field profiles can be regarded as natural for an idealized vision system, given a set of structural requirements on the first stages of visual processing that reflect symmetry properties of the surrounding world. These symmetry properties include (i) covariance properties under scale changes, affine image deformations, and Galilean transformations of space-time as occur for real-world image data as well as specific requirements of (ii) temporal causality implying that the future cannot be accessed and (iii) a time-recursive updating mechanism of a limited temporal buffer of the past as is necessary for a genuine real-time system. Fundamental structural requirements are also imposed to ensure (iv) mutual consistency and a proper handling of internal representations at different spatial and temporal scales. It is shown how a set of families of idealized receptive field profiles can be derived by necessity regarding spatial, spatio-chromatic, and spatio-temporal receptive fields in terms of Gaussian kernels, Gaussian derivatives, or closely related operators. Such image filters have been successfully used as a basis for expressing a large number of visual operations in computer vision, regarding feature detection, feature classification, motion estimation, object recognition, spatio-temporal recognition, and shape estimation. Hence, the associated so-called scale-space theory constitutes a both theoretically well-founded and general framework for expressing visual operations. There are very close similarities between receptive field profiles predicted from this scale-space theory and receptive field profiles found by cell recordings in biological vision. Among the family of receptive field profiles derived by necessity from the assumptions, idealized models with very good qualitative agreement are obtained for (i) spatial on-center/off-surround and off-center/on-surround receptive fields in the fovea and the LGN, (ii) simple cells with spatial directional preference in V1, (iii) spatio-chromatic double-opponent neurons in V1, (iv) space-time separable spatio-temporal receptive fields in the LGN and V1, and (v) non-separable space-time tilted receptive fields in V1, all within the same unified theory. In addition, the paper presents a more general framework for relating and interpreting these receptive fields conceptually and possibly predicting new receptive field profiles as well as for pre-wiring covariance under scaling, affine, and Galilean transformations into the representations of visual stimuli. This paper describes the basic structure of the necessity results concerning receptive field profiles regarding the mathematical foundation of the theory and outlines how the proposed theory could be used in further studies and modelling of biological vision. It is also shown how receptive field responses can be interpreted physically, as the superposition of relative variations of surface structure and illumination variations, given a logarithmic brightness scale, and how receptive field measurements will be invariant under multiplicative illumination variations and exposure control mechanisms.
journal_name
Biol Cybernjournal_title
Biological cyberneticsauthors
Lindeberg Tdoi
10.1007/s00422-013-0569-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-12-01 00:00:00pages
589-635issue
6eissn
0340-1200issn
1432-0770journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Connections among ventrolateral medullary respiratory neurons inferred from spike train analysis were incorporated into a model and simulated with the program SYSTM11 (MacGregor 1987). Inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurons with augmenting (AUG) and decrementing (DEC) discharge patterns and rostral I-E/I neurons e...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00200329
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::How do biological agents plan and organise a smooth accurate path to shift from one smooth mode of behaviour to another as part of graceful movement that is both plastic and controlled? This paper addresses the question in conducting a novel shape analysis of approach and adjustment phases in rapid voluntary target ai...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-011-0449-3
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concerted and self-organizing behavior of spinal cord segments in generating locomotor patterns is modulated by afferent sensory information and controlled by descending pathways from the brainstem, cerebellum, or cortex. The purpose of this study was to define a minimal set of parameters that could control a simi...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-002-0335-0
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the theory of random point processes, a method is presented whereby functional relationships between neurons can be detected and modeled. The method is based on a point process characterization involving stochastic intensities and an additive rate function model. Estimates are based on the maximum likelihood (ML...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00332915
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal excitability under stimuli with a complex time course is investigated on the basis of the numerical solution of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Each stimulus is composed of 100-1000 unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (uEPSP) that start randomly within a definite time window. Probability of initiating a ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00209424
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The method of non-linear forecasting of time series was applied to different simulated signals and EEG in order to check its ability of distinguishing chaotic from noisy time series. The goodness of prediction was estimated, in terms of the correlation coefficient between forecasted and real time series, for non-linea...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00243291
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes current views on motor and sensory control of extraocular muscles (EOMs) based on anatomical data. The special morphology of EOMs, including their motor innervation, is described in comparison to classical skeletal limb and trunk muscles. The presence of proprioceptive organs is reviewed with em...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0519-1
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report demonstrates the effectiveness of two processes in constructing simple feedforward networks which perform good transformations on their inputs. Good transformations are characterized by the minimization of two information measures: the information loss incurred with the transformation and the statistical d...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00202569
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously tried to explain perceptual inference and learning under a free-energy principle that pursues Helmholtz's agenda to understand the brain in terms of energy minimization. It is fairly easy to show that making inferences about the causes of sensory data can be cast as the minimization of a free-energy...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-010-0364-z
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Waves are common in cortical networks and may be important for carrying information about a stimulus from one local circuit to another. In a recent study of visually evoked waves in rat cortex, compression and reflection of waves are observed as the activation passes from visual areas V1 to V2. The authors of this stu...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-011-0465-3
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An initial test for a theory of lateral hypothalamic regulation of electrocortical activity is undertaken. The theory supposes lateral hypothalamic input directly or indirectly damps telencephalic resonances involving linear wave phenomena, enabling this pathway to act as parametric control of information processing i...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00337154
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In primates, it is well known that there is a consistent relationship between the duration, peak velocity and amplitude of saccadic eye movements, known as the 'main sequence'. The reason why such a stereotyped relationship evolved is unknown. We propose that a fundamental constraint on the deployment of foveal vision...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-006-0064-x
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical control of respiration provides for the maintenance of energy and substance equilibrium primarily and for the homoeostatic stability of the chemical blood parameters secondarily. Based on results having been obtained from an appropriate state space model some findings on respiration can be reproduced. In ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00335348
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated and cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes contract spontaneously and cyclically, and have the properties of a non-linear oscillator. In this study, we have analyzed the relationship between the fluctuation of contraction rhythm of spontaneously beating cultured cardiac myocytes, and the coupling strength among t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-001-0285-y
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A signal-tuned approach has been recently introduced for modeling stimulus-dependent cortical receptive fields. The approach is based on signal-tuned Gabor functions, which are Gaussian-modulated sinusoids whose parameters are obtained from a "tuning" signal. Given a stimulus to a cell, it is taken as the tuning signa...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-015-0653-7
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly-interconnected networks of nonlinear analog neurons are shown to be extremely effective in computing. The networks can rapidly provide a collectively-computed solution (a digital output) to a problem on the basis of analog input information. The problems to be solved must be formulated in terms of desired optim...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00339943
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A neural model is proposed for the spatiotemporal properties of simple cells in the visual cortex. In the model, several cortical cells are arranged on a ring, with mutual excitatory or inhibitory connections. The cells also receive excitatory inputs either from lagged and nonlagged cells of the lateral geniculate nuc...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050383
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between disparity and ocular vergence was investigated under closed-loop as well as under open-loop viewing conditions. First we examined whether vergence responded similarly to disparity presented under open-loop and closed-loop conditions. Similar response were observed in both conditions. The direc...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00224855
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One possible strategy for the solution of the correspondence problem of stereo matching is the coarse-to-fine mechanism: The matching process starts with a lowpass-filtered version of the stereogram where only a few, high-contrast image features can be extracted and the probability of false matches is therefore low. I...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00204198
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work we show the application of a measure of entropy defined from the wavelet transform, namely the wavelet entropy (WS), to the study of event-related potentials (ERPs). WS was computed for ERPs recorded from nine healthy subjects with three different types of stimuli, among them target stimuli in a cognitive...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220000212
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We consider the description of a nonlinear stochastic transduction in terms of its input/output distribution. We construct a sequence of approximating maximum-entropy estimates from a finite set of input/output observations. This procedure extends the Wiener theory to the analysis of nonlinear stochastic transducers a...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318425
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fast as possible (time optimal) single joint movements throughout the body are characterized by the triphasic (3 pulse) pattern of activation in the agonist and antagonist muscles. Simulation studies using a sixth order, non-linear model were undertaken to determine the relationship between time optimal movement and t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00338824
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In neuronal networks, the changes of synaptic strength (or weight) performed by spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) are hypothesized to give rise to functional network structure. This article investigates how this phenomenon occurs for the excitatory recurrent connections of a network with fixed input weights tha...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-009-0346-1
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss a biophysical model of synaptic plasticity that provides a unified view of the outcomes of synaptic modification protocols, including: (1) prescribed time courses of postsynaptic intracellular Ca(2+) release, (2) postsynaptic voltage clamping with presentation of presynaptic spike trains at various frequenc...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-003-0422-x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An intracellular recording made from the retinal luminosity horizontal cell (LHC) demonstrated that repetitive red flashes enhanced the cell's responsiveness to red stimulus and depressed its responsiveness to green stimulus and that repetitive green flashes suppressed the cell's red response but produced little chang...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-002-0392-4
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual system is constantly confronted with the problem of integrating local signals into more global arrangements. This arises from the nature of early cell responses, whether they signal localized measures of luminance, motion, retinal position differences, or discontinuities. Consequently, from sparse, local me...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220100258
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proposal that rod outer segment length is optimal with respect to photon absorption and noise control is extended and tested in a number of species. We find good agreement with our optimality criterion in duplex retinae where rods act as detectors of one or a few photons, but not in all rod retinae nor in those wh...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00203666
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper continues the investigation of a three-loop representation of the segmental muscle stretch reflex system introduced in a preceding communication. Frequency response characteristics were computed for open-loop conditions, control and disturbance signal inputs under a variety of conditions: (i) "in parallel" ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00326681
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We consider a simple electronic circuit model of a single neuron. The neuron is assumed to be driven by an external signal comprising constant (dc) and random components. In addition, the nonlinearity parameter in the circuit is assumed to fluctuate, thereby giving rise to critical behavior including the onset of hyst...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198768
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question was investigated whether long-lasting transients of activity, observed to occur in the intact cerebral cortex (EEG slow (delta) waves and 'K' complexes) as well as in isolated tissues cultured in vitro, can also emerge in a model network of excitatory and inhibitory cells. We show that such transients can...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00204400
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00