Abstract:
:This paper continues the investigation of a three-loop representation of the segmental muscle stretch reflex system introduced in a preceding communication. Frequency response characteristics were computed for open-loop conditions, control and disturbance signal inputs under a variety of conditions: (i) "in parallel" and "in series" peripheral arrangements of muscle compartments, (ii) various patterns of central connectivity, (iii) various recruitment levels of motor units, (iv) various overall reflex gains, (v) absence or presence of muscle spindle acceleration sensitivity. These computations disclose a number of mechanisms by which the nervous system might improve system stability and behaviour. These mechanisms are discussed with regard to physiological data.
journal_name
Biol Cybernjournal_title
Biological cyberneticsauthors
Koehler W,Windhorst Udoi
10.1007/BF00326681subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
59-70issue
1eissn
0340-1200issn
1432-0770journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A randomization method is developed for the calculation of covariation between multiple variables that are linked nonlinearly to a dependent variable. Covariation is a phenomenon often invoked in the study of movement coordination to capture the fact that in coordinated movement the outcome shows greater than expected...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-003-0399-5
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Response patterns recorded with 30 microelectrodes from area 17 of anaesthetized monkeys are analysed. A proportion of the patterns are used to define prototype response patterns. These in turn are used to recognize the stimulus from further non-averaged response patterns. In comparison, recognition by a feedforward '...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00194921
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spinal neural networks of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) generate a variety of movements such as escape, struggling, and swimming. Various mechanisms at the neural and network levels have been proposed to account for switches between these behaviors. However, there are currently no detailed demonstrations of such ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-005-0576-9
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonstationary signal analysis technique is introduced, which regards an oscillatory physiological signal as a sum of its fragments, presented in the form of a fragmentary decomposition (FD). The virtue of FD is that it is free of the necessity to choose a priori the basis functions intended for signal analysis or sy...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050575
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an introductory overview of the state of research on Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling in cognitive development. First, a brief historical summary and a definition of hierarchies in Bayesian modeling are given. Subsequently, some model structures are described based on four examples in the literatur...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00422-016-0686-6
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental problem in neuroscience, to which Prof. Segundo has made seminal contributions, is to understand how action potentials represent events in the external world. The aim of this paper is to review the issue of neural coding in the context of the rodent whiskers, an increasingly popular model system. Key iss...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00422-008-0290-5
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With regular trains of stimuli at a high frequency, the contribution of each stimulus to the force generated over time declines from the second to about the tenth stimulus, but then begins to increase again. This late increase is referred to as tetanic potentiation in analogy with the post-tetanic potentiation of the ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00340074
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The myoskeletal inverse dynamics problem and the myocybernetic control inverse problem were investigated with respect to their ill-posedness. The first problem consists of finding from observed experimental motion and reaction force data the resultant muscle moments that generated the observed motion, while the second...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050013
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We consider a simple electronic circuit model of a single neuron. The neuron is assumed to be driven by an external signal comprising constant (dc) and random components. In addition, the nonlinearity parameter in the circuit is assumed to fluctuate, thereby giving rise to critical behavior including the onset of hyst...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198768
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical control of respiration provides for the maintenance of energy and substance equilibrium primarily and for the homoeostatic stability of the chemical blood parameters secondarily. Based on results having been obtained from an appropriate state space model some findings on respiration can be reproduced. In ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00335348
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An "adaptation model" having two stages is introduced and its mathematical properties are examined. The two stages are the "adaptive process" (parameter Kb), which has bleaching-type kinetics, and the "response function" (parameters Kr and n), which incorporates response saturation. In order to study the increment thr...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00361040
更新日期:1978-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::This paper studies the performance of single-layered neural networks. This study begins with the performance of single-layered neural networks trained using the outer-product rule. The outer-product rule is a suboptimal learning scheme, resulting under certain assumptions from optimal least-squares training of single-...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00203135
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated and cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes contract spontaneously and cyclically, and have the properties of a non-linear oscillator. In this study, we have analyzed the relationship between the fluctuation of contraction rhythm of spontaneously beating cultured cardiac myocytes, and the coupling strength among t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-001-0285-y
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We develop a novel optimal control algorithm to change the phase of an oscillator using a minimum energy input, which also minimizes the oscillator's transversal distance to the uncontrolled periodic orbit. Our algorithm uses a two-dimensional reduction technique based on both isochrons and isostables. We develop a no...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-018-0764-z
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the seminal works of Bernstein (The coordination and regulation of movements. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1967) several authors have supported the idea that, to produce a goal-oriented movement in general, and a movement of the organs responsible for the production of speech sounds in particular, individuals activat...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-018-0749-y
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck neuronal model a quantitative method is proposed for the estimation of the two parameters characterizing the unknown input process, namely the neuron's mean input per unit time mu and the infinitesimal standard deviation per unit time sigma. This method is based on the experimentally observe...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201423
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reported here are the results from two experiments designed to investigate Mateeff and Gourevich's (1983, 1984) claim that adult observers make large constant errors when judging the direction of briefly presented peripheral targets, with respect to a continuously visible scale. Experiment 1 involved a virtually exact...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00204123
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapidly adapting (RA) currents expressed in dorsal root ganglia somatosensory neurons reduce their amplitude in response to prolonged and/or repeated mechanical stimulation. Both inactivation of mechanotransducer channels and adaptation of the force acting on the channels have been suggested to independently decrease ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-016-0693-7
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a mathematical model of the human hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-thyroid system regulating basal metabolism, and practice computer simulation concerning primary thyropathy such as Graves' disease, hypothyroidism, T4-toxicosis and T3-toxicosis by use of this model. In order to throw light on properties of t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00336982
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Waves are common in cortical networks and may be important for carrying information about a stimulus from one local circuit to another. In a recent study of visually evoked waves in rat cortex, compression and reflection of waves are observed as the activation passes from visual areas V1 to V2. The authors of this stu...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-011-0465-3
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vision of everyday scenes, features requiring detection are frequently observed in the presence of suprathreshold background structures. Detection of such features is a contrast discrimination task and is often necessary for the subsequent process of recognition. In order to provide a description of this task, cont...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00326678
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The light-growth response of the Phycomyces sporangiophore is a transient change of elongation rate in response to changes in ambient blue-light intensity. The white-noise method of nonlinear system identification (Wiener-Lee-Schetzen theory) has been applied to this response, and the results have been interpreted by ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00341924
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously proposed that electrocortical waves are linear waves, subject to regulation by mesotelencephalic dopaminergic neurones. As a further means to test this theory, selective unilateral lesions of varying extent were made in the nucleii of origin of the dopaminergic mesotelencephalic tract. Changes in th...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00355749
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the dynamic effects of external forces on the displacement of the otolith membrane and subsequent neuronal responses of otoliths, we performed numerical analyses of otolith membrane displacements. In these studies we included the full geometry of the human otolith maculae, including their 3D curvature. ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-003-0456-0
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learning to make reaching movements in force fields was used as a paradigm to explore the system architecture of the biological adaptive controller. We compared the performance of a number of candidate control systems that acted on a model of the neuromuscular system of the human arm and asked how well the dynamics of...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050543
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We consider a general integrate-and-fire (IF) neuron driven by asymmetric dichotomous noise. In contrast to the Gaussian white noise usually used in the so-called diffusion approximation, this noise is colored, i.e., it exhibits temporal correlations. We give an analytical expression for the stationary voltage distrib...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-014-0621-7
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms that control the limbs position during rhythmic voluntary oscillations were investigated in ten subjects, who were asked to synchronise the lower peak of their hand or foot rhythmic oscillations to a metronome beat. The efficacy of the "position control" was estimated by measuring the degree of synchron...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-007-0159-z
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccadic averaging is the phenomenon that two simultaneously presented retinal inputs result in a saccade with an endpoint located on an intermediate position between the two stimuli. Recordings from neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus have revealed neural correlates of saccade averaging, indicatin...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050450
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theoretical and experimental study on the detection of a square wave pattern of random dots is presented. Our theory applies to two-alternative forced choice experiments as well as to "seen"-"not seen" discrimination experiments. In our experiments we used the forced choice method. The theory provides a good descrip...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318084
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histograms of fast-phase intervals in human optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus were generated, and fitted to statistical distributions used in previous studies. The distributions did not depend on stimulation type (optokinetic or vestibular). An inverse Gaussian or a gamma distribution fitted the data better than di...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-002-0324-3
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00