Abstract：
:Although the applicability of small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequences for bacterial classification is now well accepted, the general use of these molecules has been hindered by the technical difficulty of obtaining their sequences. A protocol is described for rapidly generating large blocks of 16S rRNA sequence data without isolation of the 16S rRNA or cloning of its gene. The 16S rRNA in bulk cellular RNA preparations is selectively targeted for dideoxynucleotide-terminated sequencing by using reverse transcriptase and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers complementary to universally conserved 16S rRNA sequences. Three particularly useful priming sites, which provide access to the three major 16S rRNA structural domains, routinely yield 800-1000 nucleotides of 16S rRNA sequence. The method is evaluated with respect to accuracy, sensitivity to modified nucleotides in the template RNA, and phylogenetic usefulness, by examination of several 16S rRNAs whose gene sequences are known. The relative simplicity of this approach should facilitate a rapid expansion of the 16S rRNA sequence collection available for phylogenetic analyses.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Lane DJ,Pace B,Olsen GJ,Stahl DA,Sogin ML,Pace NRdoi
10.1073/pnas.82.20.6955subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-10-01 00:00:00pages
6955-9issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Reducing monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, after reductive amination, were separated and detected as their 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde (CBQCA) derivatives by capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence. Under optimized conditions, the minimum detectable quantities for monosaccharide sol...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.88.6.2302
更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations responsible for inherited disease may act by disrupting normal transcriptional splicing. Such mutations can be difficult to detect, and their effects difficult to characterize, because many lie deep within exons or introns where they may alter splice enhancers or silencers or introduce new splice acceptors o...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1915608116
更新日期：2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Pyramidal cells in piriform cortex receive excitatory inputs from two different sources that are segregated onto adjacent segments of their apical dendrites. The present studies show that excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by primary olfactory tract afferents that terminate on distal apical segments dis...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.83.4.1115
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Degassing of planetary interiors through surface volcanism plays an important role in the evolution of planetary bodies and atmospheres. On Earth, carbon dioxide and water are the primary volatile species in magmas. However, little is known about the speciation and degassing of carbon in magmas formed on other planets...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1219266110
更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The combination of lutropin (LH; luteinizing hormone) alpha and beta subunits was examined in rat pituitaries incubated with [35S]methionine or [35S]sulfate. Combination was assessed by using antiserum directed against the beta subunit. The data show that combination of most of the subunits proceeds rapidly, well befo...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.79.24.7649
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a thorough study of the transport properties of the normal and superconducting states of black phosphorus (BP) under magnetic field and high pressure with a large-volume apparatus that provides hydrostatic pressure to induce transitions from the layered A17 phase to the layered A7 phase and to the cubic phas...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1810726115
更新日期：2018-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Photosystem II (PSII), the light-driven water/plastoquinone photooxidoreductase, is of central importance in the planetary energy cycle. The product of the reaction, plastohydroquinone (PQH2), is released into the membrane from the QB site, where it is formed. A plastoquinone (PQ) from the membrane pool then binds int...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1910675116
更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the coupled binding and folding of alpha-synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein linked with Parkinson's disease. Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and correlation methods, we directly probed protein membrane association, structural distributions, and dynamics. Results reve...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0809232106
更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Membrane-mediated particle interactions depend both on the properties of the particles themselves and the membrane environment in which they are suspended. Experiments have shown that chiral rod-like inclusions dissolved in a colloidal membrane of opposite handedness assemble into colloidal rafts, which are finite-siz...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1900615116
更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：:In contrast to the immunosuppressive potential of UVB (280-320 nm) radiation in experimental animals and humans, UVA (320-400 nm) radiation at environmentally relevant doses appears to be immunologically inert. However, such exposure to UVA radiation has been observed unexpectedly to induce resistance to UVB-induced i...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.96.16.9317
更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) play a primary role in modulating the activation of GTPases and may also be critical for the cellular compartmentalization of GTPases. RhoGDI and GDI/D4 are two currently known GDIs for the Rho-subfamily of GTPases. Using their cDNAs to screen a human brain cDNA library under low str...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.94.9.4279
更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reexamined the balance between cell birth, cell maturation, and cell death in the thymus by labeling dividing thymocytes and their progeny in vivo with [3H]-thymidine, isolating clearly defined subpopulations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and determining the distribution of label by autoradiography. ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.87.7.2579
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant myeloid leukemic cells and normal macrophages and granulocytes have functional beta-adrenergic receptors, which have been quantitated by radioreceptor binding with the beta-adrenergic antagonist [(3)H]dihydroalprenolol and by induction of cyclic AMP by adrenergic hormones. Both the normal and leukemic cells ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.75.4.1805
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Higher acenes have drawn much attention as promising organic semiconductors with versatile electronic properties. However, the nature of their ground state and electronic excited states is still not fully clear. Their unusual chemical reactivity and instability are the main obstacles for experimental studies, and the ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1606021113
更新日期：2016-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Two clusters of configurations of the main proteolytic subunit β5 were identified by principal component analysis of crystal structures of the yeast proteasome core particle (yCP). The apo-cluster encompasses unliganded species and complexes with nonpeptidic ligands, and the pep-cluster comprises complexes with peptid...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1408018111
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of the mRNA capping apparatus of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum illuminates an evolutionary connection to fungi rather than metazoans. We show that P. falciparum encodes separate RNA guanylyltransferase (Pgt1) and RNA triphosphatase (Prt1) enzymes and that the triphosphatase component is a member ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.061636198
更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic analysis has revealed that the accumulation of several chloroplast mRNAs of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires specific nucleus-encoded functions. To gain insight into this process, we have cloned the nuclear gene encoding the Mbb1 factor by genomic rescue of a mutant specifically deficient in t...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.97.26.14813
更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene transfer into early embryos is a powerful methodology for unraveling the molecular bases of developmental processes. One can attempt to minimize widespread effects of an exogenous gene by using tissue- or region-specific promoters in the few instances where they are available. We have developed a method that bypa...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.90.6.2350
更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit accumulate the red carotenoid pigment lycopene. The recessive mutation yellow-flesh (locus r) in tomato eliminates fruit carotenoids by disrupting the activity of the fruit-specific phytoene synthase (PSY1), the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Fruits of ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1214808109
更新日期：2012-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The enhanced disease resistance 1 (edr1) mutation of Arabidopsis confers resistance to powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. Resistance mediated by the edr1 mutation is correlated with induction of several defense responses, including host cell death. Double mutant analysis revealed that ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.011405198
更新日期：2001-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:In bacteria, the first two steps of gene expression-transcription and translation-are spatially and temporally coupled. Uncoupling may lead to the arrest of transcription through RNA polymerase backtracking, which interferes with replication forks, leading to DNA double-stranded breaks and genomic instability. How tra...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1919985117
更新日期：2020-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated increase in c-fos gene expression in the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line has been investigated. NGF treatment of PC12 cells results in an increased level of c-fos mRNA within 15 min. An approximately 100-fold increase in the level of c-fos mRNA occurs 30-45 min after exposure...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.83.13.4789
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The high susceptibility of human immunoglobulin D to proteolytic degradation affects its biological function, metabolism, and immunoassay. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to investigate the mechanism and rate of limited proteolytic cleavage of IgD and also to identify, isolate, and quantify the reaction p...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.84.1.61
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of the activity and structure of lower vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenases reveals that relationships between the classical liver and yeast enzymes need not be continuous. Both the ethanol activity of class I-type alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) and the glutathione-dependent form...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.89.19.9247
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identifying the downstream targets of microRNAs (miRNAs) is essential to understanding cellular regulatory networks. We devised a direct biochemical method for miRNA target discovery that combined RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) purification with microarray analysis of bound mRNAs. Because targets of miR-124a hav...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0709971104
更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Underactivity of the glutamatergic system is an attractive model for the pathophysiology of several major mental illnesses. We previously described a chromosome abnormality disrupting the kainate class ionotropic glutamate receptor gene, GRIK4/KA1, in an individual with schizophrenia and learning disability (mental re...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0800643105
更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor α 1 gene (THRA) have recently been identified as a cause of intellectual deficit in humans. Patients present with structural abnormalities including microencephaly, reduced cerebellar volume and decreased axonal density. Here, we show that directed differentiation of THRA muta...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1908762116
更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Depressed contractile function plays a primary role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial ischemia. Intracellular acidification is an important factor underlying the inhibition of force production in the ischemic myocardium. The effect of acidosis to depress contractility is markedly greater in cardiac as compare...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.90.19.9036
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Binding enhancement by tertiary interactions is a strategy that takes advantage of the higher order folding of functionally important RNAs to bind short nucleic acid-based compounds tightly and more specifically than possible by simple base pairing. For example, tertiary interactions enhance binding of specific hexame...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.96.6.2734
更新日期：1999-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of heterozygosity affecting chromosome 17p has been detected at high frequencies in a variety of human tumors, including cancers of the colon, breast, lung, and brain. One presumed target of these losses is p53, a tumor suppressor gene located on 17p. To our knowledge, loss of heterozygosity has not yet been repo...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.88.11.4976
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
