The touchscreen operant platform for assessing executive function in rats and mice.

abstract：:Neurons in cortical sensory regions receive modality-specific information through synapses that are located on their dendrites. Recently, the use of two-photon microscopy combined with whole-cell recordings has helped to identify visually evoked dendritic calcium signals in mouse visual cortical neurons in vivo. The c...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Jia H,Rochefort NL,Chen X,Konnerth A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows the direct analysis of ordinary objects or pre-processed samples under ambient conditions. Among other applications, DESI is used to identify and record spatial distributions of lipids and drug molecules in biological tissue sections. This technique does not require sam...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Wiseman JM,Ifa DR,Venter A,Cooks RG

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The unprecedented increase in the throughput of DNA sequencing driven by next-generation technologies now allows efficient analysis of the complete protein-coding regions of genomes (exomes) for multiple samples in a single sequencing run. However, sample preparation and targeted enrichment of multiple samples has bec...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Harakalova M,Mokry M,Hrdlickova B,Renkens I,Duran K,van Roekel H,Lansu N,van Roosmalen M,de Bruijn E,Nijman IJ,Kloosterman WP,Cuppen E

更新日期：2011-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescent microspheres are commonly used to assess bone blood supply in large animals, but the technique is not widely used in smaller mammals, as traditional methods such as reference blood sampling, ventilation and catheterization are not easily applied. This protocol describes a viable alternative for measuring b...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Serrat MA

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes an optimized method for direct in vitro monitoring of homo- and heterotypic axon-axon interactions involved in the developmental assembly of neural circuits. The assay exploits a classical example of heterotypic axonal interactions by modeling the sequential extension of spinal motor and somato...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Wang L,Marquardt T

更新日期：2012-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput sequencing of the variable domains of immune receptors (antibodies and T cell receptors (TCRs)) is of key importance in the understanding of adaptive immune responses in health and disease. However, the sequencing of both immune receptor chains (VH+VL or TCRβ/δ+TCRα/γ) at the single-cell level for typi...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： McDaniel JR,DeKosky BJ,Tanno H,Ellington AD,Georgiou G

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the version of this protocol originally published, the caption for Fig. 3 was erroneously placed with Fig. 4, and that for Fig. 4 was placed with Fig. 3. This error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Cruz-Acuña R,Quirós M,Huang S,Siuda D,Spence JR,Nusrat A,García AJ

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon-based dots (CDs) and their functionalized (nano)composites have recently attracted attention due to their seemingly easy preparation and numerous potential applications, ranging from those in the biomedical field (i.e., imaging and drug delivery) to those in (opto)electronics (i.e., solar cells and LEDs). This ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Ðorđević L,Arcudi F,Prato M

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-translational modifications alter protein structure, affecting activity, stability, localization and/or binding partners. Antibodies that specifically recognize post-translationally modified proteins have a number of uses including immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation of the modified protein to purify prot...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Arur S,Schedl T

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes a method combining phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and optical tweezers to characterize the germination of single bacterial spores. The characterization consists of the following steps: (i) loading heat-activated dormant spores into a temperature-controlled micros...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Kong L,Zhang P,Wang G,Yu J,Setlow P,Li YQ

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been identified as the main fibrogenic cell type in the liver. Hence, efforts to understand hepatic fibrogenesis and to develop treatment strategies have focused on this cell type. HSC isolation, originally developed in rats, has subsequently been adapted to mice, thus allowing the s...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Mederacke I,Dapito DH,Affò S,Uchinami H,Schwabe RF

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes a cell-free system for studying vertebrate centromere and kinetochore formation. We reconstitute tandem arrays of centromere protein A (CENP-A) nucleosomes as a substrate for centromere and kinetochore assembly. These chromatin substrates are immobilized on magnetic beads and then incubated in ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Guse A,Fuller CJ,Straight AF

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene tagging with fluorescent proteins is essential for investigations of the dynamic properties of cellular proteins. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a powerful tool for inserting fluorescent markers into all alleles of the gene of interest (GOI) and allows functionality and physiological expression of the fusion protein. ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Koch B,Nijmeijer B,Kueblbeck M,Cai Y,Walther N,Ellenberg J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Telomeres have emerged as crucial cellular elements in aging and various diseases including cancer. To measure the average length of telomere repeats in cells, we describe our protocols that use fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes specific for telomere repeats in com...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Baerlocher GM,Vulto I,de Jong G,Lansdorp PM

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Efforts to cure HIV are hampered by limited characterization of the cells supporting HIV replication in vivo and inadequate methods for quantifying the latent viral reservoir in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We describe a protocol for flow cytometric identification of viral reservoirs, based on c...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Baxter AE,Niessl J,Fromentin R,Richard J,Porichis F,Massanella M,Brassard N,Alsahafi N,Routy JP,Finzi A,Chomont N,Kaufmann DE

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization of eukaryotic cells into distinct subcompartments is vital for all functional processes, and aberrant protein localization is a hallmark of many diseases. Microscopy methods, although powerful, are usually low-throughput and dependent on the availability of fluorescent fusion proteins or highly specif...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Mulvey CM,Breckels LM,Geladaki A,Britovšek NK,Nightingale DJH,Christoforou A,Elzek M,Deery MJ,Gatto L,Lilley KS

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the use of a microfabricated cell culture substrate, consisting of a uniform array of closely spaced, vertical, elastomeric microposts, to study the effects of substrate rigidity on cell function. Elastomeric micropost substrates are micromolded from silicon masters comprised of microposts of different hei...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Yang MT,Fu J,Wang YK,Desai RA,Chen CS

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although lung transplant is a life-saving therapy for some patients, primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity soon after a transplant. Ischemia reperfusion injury is known to be one of the most critical factors in PGD development. PGD is by definition an acute lung injury syndrome ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Mariscal A,Caldarone L,Tikkanen J,Nakajima D,Chen M,Yeung J,Cypel M,Liu M,Keshavjee S

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detailed biochemical analysis of unmanipulated germinal center (GC) B cells has not been achieved. Previously, we designed and used a simple, economical and new magnetic bead separation scheme for the purification of 'untouched' mature GC and non-GC B cells from the spleens of immunized mice and reported the first bio...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Cato MH,Yau IW,Rickert RC

更新日期：2011-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Freestanding plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) superlattice sheets are novel 2D nanomaterials with tailorable properties that enable their use for broad applications in sensing, anticounterfeit measures, ionic gating, nanophotonics and flat lenses. We recently developed a robust, yet general, two-step drying-mediated approa...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Dong D,Fu R,Shi Q,Cheng W

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a protocol for easy isolation and culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to supply every researcher with a method that can be applied in cell biology laboratories with minimum equipment. Endothelial cells (ECs) are isolated from umbilical vein vascular wall by a collagenase treatment, t...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Baudin B,Bruneel A,Bosselut N,Vaubourdolle M

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The membrane-permeant fluorogenic biarsenicals FlAsH-EDT(2) and ReAsH-EDT(2) can be prepared in good yields by a straightforward two-step procedure from the inexpensive precursor dyes fluorescein and resorufin, respectively. Handling of toxic reagents such as arsenic trichloride is minimized so the synthesis can be ca...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Adams SR,Tsien RY

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables label-free spatial mapping of hundreds of biomolecules in tissue sections. This capability provides valuable information on tissue heterogeneity that is difficult to obtain using population-averaged assays. Despite substantial developments in both instrumentation and methodology...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Yin R,Burnum-Johnson KE,Sun X,Dey SK,Laskin J

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surface- and matrix-bound signals modulate stem cell fate in vivo and in vitro. This protocol enables the immobilization of a wide range of biomolecules that contain primary amino groups to different types of solid carriers, including glass substrates and standard polystyrene well plates. We describe how thin polymer ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Pompe T,Salchert K,Alberti K,Zandstra P,Werner C

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several noncanonical initial nucleotides (NCINs) have been found to cap RNAs and possibly regulate RNA stability, transcription and translation. NAD+ is one of the NCINs that has recently been discovered to cap RNAs in a wide range of species. Identification of the NAD+-capped RNAs (NAD-RNAs) could help to unveil the ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Shao X,Zhang H,Yang Z,Zhong H,Xia Y,Cai Z

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes the principles and methods used for the preparation of cryopreserved cell stocks. Following these procedures will ensure the availability of reproducible cultures for use within a single laboratory at different times and for different collaborating laboratories. Although the basic principle is ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Stacey GN,Masters JR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New technologies have recently enabled saturation mutagenesis and functional analysis of nearly all possible variants of regulatory elements or proteins of interest in single experiments. Here we discuss the past, present, and future of such multiplexed (functional) assays for variant effects (MAVEs). MAVEs provide de...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Gasperini M,Starita L,Shendure J

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing evidence indicates that RNA G-quadruplexes have important roles in various processes such as transcription, translation, regulation of telomere length, and formation of telomeric heterochromatin. Investigation of RNA G-quadruplex structures associated with biological events is therefore essential to understand...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Bao HL,Xu Y

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Live single-cell mass spectrometry (live MS) provides a mass spectrum that shows thousands of metabolite peaks from a single live plant cell within minutes. By using an optical microscope, a cell is chosen for analysis and a metal-coated nanospray microcapillary tip is used to remove the cell's contents. After adding ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Fujii T,Matsuda S,Tejedor ML,Esaki T,Sakane I,Mizuno H,Tsuyama N,Masujima T

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient method for silencing genes in cultured cells. Here we describe a simple RNAi approach for silencing genes in a cell type-specific and tissue-specific way in vivo. The approach, which mimics the means by which naturally occurring 'microRNA's are generated, uses a tissue-specific ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Rao MK,Wilkinson MF

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00