Abstract：
:Transparency is perceived when two or more objects or surfaces can be separated by the visual system whilst they are presented in the same region of the visual field at the same time. This segmentation of distinct entities on the basis of overlapping local visual cues poses an interesting challenge for the understanding of cortical information processing. In psychophysical experiments, we studied stimuli that contained randomly positioned disc elements, moving at two different speeds in the same direction, to analyse the interaction of cues during the perception of motion transparency. The current work extends findings from previous experiments with sine wave luminance gratings which only vary in one spatial dimension. The reported experiments manipulate low-level cues, like differences in speed or luminance, and what are likely to be higher level cues such as the relative size of the elements or the superposition rules that govern overlapping regions. The mechanism responsible for separation appears to be mediated by combination of the relevant and available cues. Where perceived transparency is stronger, the neural representations of components are inferred to be more distinguishable from each other across what appear to be multiple cue dimensions. The disproportionally large effect on transparency strength of the type of superposition of disc suggests that with this manipulation, there may be enhanced separation above what might be expected from the linear combination of low-level cues in a process we term labelling. A mechanism for transparency perception consistent with the current results would require a minimum of three stages; in addition to the local motion detection and global pooling and separation of motion signals, findings suggest a powerful additional role of higher level separation cues.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Meso AI,Durant S,Zanker JMdoi
10.1007/s00221-013-3631-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
71-86issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
230pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) conjugate was injected into the lumbar or cervical spinal cord of adult cats in order to examine its usefulness as an anterograde tracer of long ascending spinal tracts. Heavily labeled fibers and terminal-like structures were found in restricted regions of the gr...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237154
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dopaminergic medication on the selection-for-action mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD subjects were tested after not having taken medication for at least 12 h ("Off' state) and then retested 1-2 h after medication ("On" state). A three-dimensional kine...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000510
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-consciously perceived arrow stimuli can speed up responses to similar stimuli that are shortly presented after a masked prime. Yet response facilitation may turn into a delay at particular intervals between masked primes and targets. In this case, the lateralized readiness potential, as a measure of the time cours...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0371-4
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful results obtained by training sessions using optokinetic (OK) stimulations in order to rehabilitate patients with balance disorders motivated this study. The purpose of the study was to measure eye movement parameters and body stabilization during OK stimulation before and after the rehabilitation program. T...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00232446
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The flexion reflex modulation pattern was investigated in nine people with a chronic spinal cord injury during stepping using body weight support on a treadmill and manual assistance by therapists. Body weight support was provided by an upper body harness and was adjusted for each subject to promote the best stepping ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1854-x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportions and some of the properties of X and Y cells in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of adult cats were measured 14-16 days after monocular paralysis. The paralysis was produced by sectioning cranial nerves III, IV and VI. No difference from normal was observed in the proportions of X and Y cells either in ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236898
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In everyday life, we often use graphical interfaces where the visual space is mapped to the motor space with a visuomotor gain called the control display gain. One of the key objectives in the field of Human Computer Interaction is to design this control display gain so as to enhance users' performance. Although the c...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05856-1
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A Fitts' task was used to examine whether the large movement asymmetry in subjects with spastic hemiparesis can be reduced or eliminated when both limbs are required to perform functionally equivalent tasks. Furthermore, it was determined whether any such benefit was expressed as mutual accommodation, or whether one h...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00241378
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study explored the directional specificity of fear of falling (FoF) effects on the stabilizing function of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA). Participants (N = 71) performed a series of lateral leg raises from an elevated surface in three conditions: in the "Control condition", participants stood at the mid...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4471-x
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal activity was studied in the primary (M1), supplementary (M2), dorsal premotor (PMd), and ventral premotor (PMv) cortex of awake, behaving rhesus monkeys. The animals performed forelimb movements to three targets, each approached by three different types of trajectories. With one trajectory type, the monkey mo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231153
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been assumed that the human central nervous system uses flexible combinations of several muscle synergies to effortlessly and efficiently control redundant movements. However, whether muscle synergies exist in the neural circuit remains controversial, and it is critical to examine the association between t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4253-5
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The egocentric localization of objects in extrapersonal space requires that the retinal and extraretinal signals specifying the gaze direction be simultaneously processed. The question as to whether the extraretinal signal is of central or peripheral origin is still a matter of controversy, however. Three experiments ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229419
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Movements of the dominant and nondominant hand have been claimed to differ with respect to how they take intersegmental dynamics into account. Consistent with this claim, movements of the dominant hand are hypothesized to better exploit the intrinsic limb dynamics, whereas movements of the nondominant hand are control...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0747-5
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is known to rapidly adapt to task demands and to intermodal information (e.g. from vision). Here, we show that also intramodal information (i.e. posture) can affect tactile attentional selection processes and the intermodal effects of vision on those processes at S1 stages of processi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3171-z
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal spinal cord tissue was grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult recipients. Transverse segments from the cervical and high thoracic levels were divided in halves which were grafted directly or further divided into ventral horn and dorsal horn parts before grafting. Survival and intraocular growth was ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237016
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the control of postural stability in preparation to a discrete, quick whole-body sway toward a target and back to the initial position. Several predictions were tested based on the theory of control with referent body orientation and the notion of multi-muscle synergies stabilizing center of pressure (COP)...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05510-5
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous investigations have revealed that perceived spatial frequency of gratings rises as contrast is lowered. In order to account for this finding it has been postulated that the spatial frequency which produces the maximum response from cortical neurones decreases with contrast. We have examined this hypothesis by...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236862
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a brain gland secreting glycoproteins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where they aggregate forming the Reissner's fiber (RF). By the continuous addition of newly released glycoproteins, RF grows along the cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, and central canal of the spinal cord. A...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050848
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cortical anatomical substrates by which visual information may influence the frontal areas controlling reaching movements to visual targets were studied in monkeys. A reaching task was employed to characterize the arm-related regions of the frontal lobe. Injections of retrograde tracers into these physiologically ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228707
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study we have demonstrated the existence of pulvinar (puv) cells which were optimally activated when a monkey executed reaching movements with his limbs (Acuña et al 1983). We now describe further observations in four Macaca nemestrina monkeys trained to perform goal directed reaching movements aimed at ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230847
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction between pain and the motor system is well-known, with past studies showing that pain can alter corticomotor excitability and have deleterious effects on motor learning. The aim of this study was to better understand the cortical mechanisms underlying the interaction between pain and the motor system. E...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-4880-0
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In visual cortex of normal adult rabbits, callosal projections are restricted to a 2 mm wide band at the area 17/18 border. In adult rabbits which are monocularly enucleated (ME) on the day of birth, the callosal zone extends 4 mm into the medial region of area 17 in the cortex ipsilateral to the remaining eye. In thi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231662
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autologous segments of peroneal nerve were implanted into the medulla of adult rats to induce axonal regeneration of central neurons axotomised during the grafting procedure. Grafts were inserted in the midline--where respiratory axons decussate--or laterally, either in the nucleus tractus solitarius or in the nucleus...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228412
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that electrical stimulation in LC or NRM when tested on the activity of a multireceptive neurone in the spinal cord produced similar inhibitory actions. The present study aimed to define the pathways that mediate this descending inhibitory action in the spinal cord by pharmacological means ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237586
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saslow and others have shown that the latency of foveating saccades can be altered by changing the offset time of the current fixation point relative to the onset of the peripheral target. Whether anticipatory saccades contributed to these results was not known. By the criteria of direction error and amplitude error t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00255238
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four experiments were performed with macaque monkeys (rhesus, Macaca mulatta, and cynomolgus, M. fascicularis). In experiment 1 six rhesus monkeys learned pre-operatively to perform delayed matching-to-sample, with complex naturalistic scenes as the stimulus material. Three of these monkeys then received bilateral abl...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228977
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We employed binocular magnetic search coils to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) of 15 human subjects undergoing passive, whole-body rotations about a vertical (yaw) axis delivered as a series of pseudorandom transients and sinusoidal oscillations at frequenci...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005639
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A database of positron-emission-tomography studies published between January 1993 and November 1996 was created to address several questions regarding the function and connectivity of the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Using this database, we have previously reported on the relationship between behavioural var...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s002210000400
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether the order of gaze shifts affected spatial and temporal aspects of discrete bimanual pointing movements. Ten male participants concurrently executed bimanual pointing movements as quickly and accurately as possible to left and right lateral targets presented with the same and different amplitude...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1950-y
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few investigations have examined mental workload during motor practice or learning in a context of team dynamics. This study examines the underlying cognitive-motor processes of motor practice by assessing the changes in motor performance and mental workload during practice of reaching movements. Individuals moved a r...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-5136-8
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
