Abstract:
:We have isolated rat brain cDNA clones encoding AE2, a homologue of the erythrocyte anion exchanger, band 3 (AE1). Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization reveal that, in brain, AE2 expression is restricted to the basolateral membrane of the choroid plexus epithelium. Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger. Cation replacement studies indicate that AE2-mediated exchange is independent of extracellular sodium. COS-7 cells expressing a mutant rat AE2 cDNA clone that lacks the cytoplasmic NH2-terminal 660 amino acids exhibit identical responses to cation and anion substitution. These results indicate that this domain does not play a significant role in either correct insertion of the transporter into the plasma membrane or anion exchange.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Lindsey AE,Schneider K,Simmons DM,Baron R,Lee BS,Kopito RRdoi
10.1073/pnas.87.14.5278subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-07-01 00:00:00pages
5278-82issue
14eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Osteoclasts, bone-resorptive multinucleated cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells, are associated with many bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Osteoclast-targeting small-molecule inhibitors are valuable tools for studying osteoclast biology and for developing antiresorptive agents. Here, we have discov...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0712239105
更新日期:2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::The RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) that is required for DNA repair, damage-induced mutagenesis, and sporulation. We have cloned the two human RAD6 homologs, designated HHR6A and HHR6B. The two 152-amino acid human proteins share 95% sequence identity with each other a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.8865
更新日期:1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which cells recognize and complete replicated regions at their precise doubling point must be remarkably efficient, occurring thousands of times per cell division along the chromosomes of humans. However, this process remains poorly understood. Here we show that, in Escherichia coli, the completion of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1415025111
更新日期:2014-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::The only major glutamate receptor membrane-associated guanylate kinase scaffolds expressed in the young superficial superior colliculus (SC) are synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). In this, as in all visual brain regions examined, synaptic PSD95 increases rapidly follow...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215854110
更新日期:2013-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::We are interested in tracking changes in large-scale data by periodically creating an agglomerative clustering and examining the evolution of clusters (communities) over time. We examine a large real-world data set: the NEC CiteSeer database, a linked network of >250,000 papers. Tracking changes over time requires a c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0307750100
更新日期:2004-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::It is well-established morphologically that bipolar cells, the second-order neurons in the vertebrate retina, make reciprocal synapses with amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. However, neither the property nor the physiological function of the feedback synapse is understood. Autoradiographic and immunohistoch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3501
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degassing of planetary interiors through surface volcanism plays an important role in the evolution of planetary bodies and atmospheres. On Earth, carbon dioxide and water are the primary volatile species in magmas. However, little is known about the speciation and degassing of carbon in magmas formed on other planets...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219266110
更新日期:2013-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::ADP activates a family of cell surface receptors that modulate signaling pathways in a broad range of cells. ADP receptor antagonists are widely used to treat cardiovascular disease states. These studies identify a critical role for the stable reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in mediating cellular resp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1320854111
更新日期:2014-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene (RB gene) is associated with the development of several human malignancies including retinoblastomas, some osteo- and soft tissue sarcomas, small cell lung cancer, and possibly breast and bladder cancers. To our knowledge, this gene has not been evaluated in human germ-cell mali...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.15.6662
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small heat-shock protein (sHSP) from Methanococcus jannaschii (Mj HSP16.5) forms a homomeric complex of 24 subunits and has an overall structure of a multiwindowed hollow sphere with an external diameter of approximately 120 A and an internal diameter of approximately 65 A with six square "windows" of approximatel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1032940100
更新日期:2003-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Zachariae Isstrøm (ZI) and Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79N) are marine-terminating glaciers in northeast Greenland that hold an ice volume equivalent to a 1.1-m global sea level rise. ZI lost its floating ice shelf, sped up, retreated at 650 m/y, and experienced a 5-gigaton/y mass loss. Glacier 79N has been more stable des...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2015483118
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Creatine kinase from rabbit muscle has been specifically labeled with a derivative of a nitroxide free radical on the two essential sulfhydryl groups, one per active site. The conformation in the environment of the enzyme-bound free radical and the change in conformation induced upon binding of the substrate, metal ad...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.64.1.219
更新日期:1969-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strong, short-ranged positional correlations involving counterions can induce a net attractive force between negatively charged strands of DNA and lead to the formation of ion pairs in dilute ionic solutions. However, the long range of the Coulomb interactions impedes the development of a simple local picture. We addr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0600282103
更新日期:2006-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Although neurotrophins are primarily associated with long-term effects on neuronal survival and differentiation, recent studies have shown that acute changes in synaptic transmission can also be produced. In the hippocampus, an area critically involved in learning and memory, we have found that brain-derived neurotrop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.17.8074
更新日期:1995-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Throughout the world, efforts are under way to restore watersheds, but restoration planning rarely accounts for future climate change. Using a series of linked models of climate, land cover, hydrology, and salmon population dynamics, we investigated the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of proposed habita...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701685104
更新日期:2007-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::A method is described in which the interference of radiated second-harmonic electric fields generated by a pair of oriented molecules intercalated into double-stranded DNA is controlled and measured. The results show that the relative molecular orientation of the two molecules significantly changes the magnitude of th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1302554110
更新日期:2013-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a variety of statistical methods for obtaining precise quantitative estimates of the similarities and differences in the structures of semantic domains in different languages. The methods include comparing mean correlations within and between groups, principal components analysis of interspeaker c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.518
更新日期:2000-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1412887112
更新日期:2015-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::When purified dimers of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase molecules released by protease digestion from three strains of human parainfluenza virus 1 were used in crystallization trials, long thin needle crystals formed. Electron microscopic analysis of these needle crystals revealed that they are composed of stacks of tripl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.4.1523
更新日期:1993-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::I reject the Darwinian assumption that larvae and their adults evolved from a single common ancestor. Rather I posit that, in animals that metamorphose, the basic types of larvae originated as adults of different lineages, i.e., larvae were transferred when, through hybridization, their genomes were acquired by distan...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908357106
更新日期:2009-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::We report 10 heterozygous mutations in the human insulin gene in 16 probands with neonatal diabetes. A combination of linkage and a candidate gene approach in a family with four diabetic members led to the identification of the initial INS gene mutation. The mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0707291104
更新日期:2007-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic screening is the most powerful method through which to uncover gene function. It has been applied very successfully in lower organisms but seldom attempted in mammalian species because of their long generation time. In this study, we exploit RNA interference (RNAi) for its potential use in genetic screening in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0511034103
更新日期:2006-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription initiation in eukaryotes is controlled by nucleoprotein complexes formed through cooperative interactions among multiple transcription regulatory proteins. These complexes may be assembled via stochastic collisions or defined pathways. We investigated the dynamics of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 complexes by using a mu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.091095998
更新日期:2001-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::A regeneration chamber was created in vivo by suturing a synthetic tube sealed at its distal end onto the proximal stump of a severed rat sciatic nerve. Nerves regenerated into tubes coated with laminin at a rate of 0.33 mm/day after a lag of about 2 days. At 25 days, regenerating nerves had extended 23% farther into ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.4.1319
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression in higher organisms is thought to be regulated by a complex network of transcription factor binding and chromatin modifications, yet the relative importance of these two factors remains a matter of debate. Here, we show that a computational approach allows surprisingly accurate prediction of histone mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1412081111
更新日期:2014-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequence of intracellular 26S mRNA of Sindbis virus has been determined by direct sequence analysis of the cDNA made to this RNA with reverse transcriptase. From this, the amino acid sequences of the encoded virus structural proteins, which include a basic capsid protein and two integral membrane glycop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.4.2062
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To initiate fertilization, mouse sperm bind to Ser- (O-) linked oligosaccharides located at the sperm combining site of zona pellucida glycoprotein mZP3. Apparently, the oligosaccharides are present on one or more of five Ser residues clustered in the carboxyl-terminal region of the mZP3 polypeptide. Here, each of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6193
更新日期:1998-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::In layered materials, a common mode of deformation involves buckling of the layers under tensile deformation in the direction perpendicular to the layers. The instability mechanism, which operates in elastic materials from geological to nanometer scales, involves the elastic contrast between different layers. In a reg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1111367109
更新日期:2012-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic activity of low-dimensional electrocatalysts is highly dependent on their local atomic structures, particularly those less-coordinated sites found at edges and corners; therefore, a direct probe of the electrocatalytic current at specified local sites with true nanoscopic resolution has become critically...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1821091116
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Aortic endothelial cells from normal pigs and pigs with von Willebrand disease have been established in long-term cultures. Both cultures appeared similar in terms of general growth characteristics, morphologic features and ultrastructure. Immunofluorescent staining of these cultures with chicken (or rabbit) antiporci...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5702
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00