Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Early studies have cast doubt on the utility of animal models for predicting success or failure of HIV-prevention strategies, but results of multiple human phase 3 microbicide trials, and interrogations into the discrepancies between human and animal model trials, indicate that animal models were, and are, predictive of safety and efficacy of microbicide candidates. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have shown that topically applied vaginal gels, and oral prophylaxis using single or combination antiretrovirals are indeed effective in preventing sexual HIV transmission in humans, and all of these successes were predicted in animal models. Further, prior discrepancies between animal and human results are finally being deciphered as inadequacies in study design in the model, or quite often, noncompliance in human trials, the latter being increasingly recognized as a major problem in human microbicide trials. SUMMARY:Successful microbicide studies in humans have validated results in animal models, and several ongoing studies are further investigating questions of tissue distribution, duration of efficacy, and continued safety with repeated application of these, and other promising microbicide candidates in both murine and nonhuman primate models. Now that we finally have positive correlations with prevention strategies and protection from HIV transmission, we can retrospectively validate animal models for their ability to predict these results, and more importantly, prospectively use these models to select and advance even safer, more effective, and importantly, more durable microbicide candidates into human trials.
journal_name
Curr Opin HIV AIDSjournal_title
Current opinion in HIV and AIDSauthors
Veazey RSdoi
10.1097/COH.0b013e328361d096subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-07-01 00:00:00pages
295-303issue
4eissn
1746-630Xissn
1746-6318journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize recent trends in knowledge of HIV status, care and viral suppression, and the status of implementation of relevant contextual requirements for the United States to achieve the 90-90-90 goals. Recently, the US government announced a plan to decrease HIV incidence by over 90% by 2030. Reach...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000578
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the goal of preventive HIV vaccine design is primarily the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), recent evidence suggests that a protective response will also benefit from Fc effector functions. Here, we provide an update on the antibody response to HIV infection, including bo...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000559
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The detrimental synergy of colliding HIV and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics is most devastating among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) who shoulder a disproportionate burden of all child TB mortality. RECENT FINDINGS:CALWH benefit less from Bacille-Calmette Guerin vaccination than HIV-un...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000500
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here we highlight the latest advances in HIV vaccine concepts that will expand our knowledge on how to elicit effective acquisition-prevention and/or control of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in the nonhuman primate (NHP) model. RECENT FINDINGS:In the context of the promising analyse...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328361cfe8
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Approximately 150-175 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Until very recently, the complexity, cost and poor efficacy and tolerability of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-RBV) treatment have hindered scale up in low-income and middle-income countries (L&MICs). Similarly, t...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000180
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Deep sequencing of the V3 region of the HIV envelope gene can detect minority non-R5 variants in patients with high sensitivity and specificity. As next-generation sequencing approaches have matured, the clinical utility of deep sequencing for HIV tropism has entered the clinic. Accurate and sensitive...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328356e9da
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Effective therapies have transformed HIV infection into a chronic disease, and new problems are arising related to aging. This article reviews the aging process, age-related deficit accumulation and frailty, and how these might be affected by chronic HIV infection. RECENT FINDINGS:Aging is characteri...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000070
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Th17 cells are a newly identified subtype of CD4 T cells that respond to bacterial and fungal antigens and are important in mucosal immunology. Because HIV infection results in loss of CD4 T cells as well as disruption to the gastrointestinal tract that causes microbial translocation and immune activa...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3283364846
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We discuss two data analysis issues for studies that use binary clinical outcomes (whether or not an event occurred): the choice of an appropriate scale and transformation when biomarkers are evaluated as explanatory factors in logistic regression and assessing the ability of biomarkers to improve pre...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed742
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review, we describe the challenges faced by using clinical cohorts to perform Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and the possible solutions for increasing and strengthening health systems in low-income and middle-income countries. RECENT FINDINGS:HIV scale-up has facilitated the transition from ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3283479316
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review current data on HIV-1 resistance arising from the use of fixed dose combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV-1 infection. RECENT FINDINGS:Resistance to tenofovir (TNV) or FTC is infrequently selected by TDF/FTC PrEP ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000209
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review was to summarize recent studies on the effect of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients on markers of immune activation/inflammation, viral persistence and serious non-AIDS events. RECENT FINDINGS:Early ART, initiated within days to months of HIV infect...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000118
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV infection is an established risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases bone resorption leading to an additional 2-6% bone mineral density (BMD) loss within the first 1-2 years of therapy. Although tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is often blame...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000260
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It has been demonstrated that extensive virus diversification and antibody coevolution are necessary to give rise to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the envelope protein of HIV-1. Here, we discuss recent progress of vaccine design approaches aiming on strategies to initiate and guide B-cell ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000356
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review examines evidence regarding the differential effects of high dead-space syringes (HDSS) and low dead-space syringes (LDSS) on HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). It also identifies areas for additional research and examines potential barriers to interventions that promot...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328354a276
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is the paradoxical worsening or unmasking of an infection or neoplasm in HIV-1-infected patients shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. New insights into the pathogenesis of IRIS may help identify biomarkers that could be useful in pre...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed774
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the recent literature (2008-2010) on antiretroviral (ARV) drug disposition into the male and female genital tract. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have confirmed that penetration of antiretroviral agents into the male and female genital tracts are both drug and sex specific. Concentration...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833a0b69
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The body of knowledge regarding antiretroviral drug resistance is rapidly evolving as a result of extensive research and the continuous availability of new antiretroviral drugs. The interpretation of drug resistance tests may be difficult for clinicians not working in highly specialized healthcare env...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32801470f6
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although designed to target only the HIV protease, HIV protease inhibitors induce toxicities in patients such as insulin resistance and lipodystrophy that suggest that protease inhibitors have other targets in mammalian cells. Akt controls insulin signaling and is an important target in cancer, but no...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328313915d
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Modern interferon (IFN)-free, and potentially also ribavirin-free, combinations consisting of two or three direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly efficacious in treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with treatment durations being much shorter and with much more favorable toxicity prof...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000181
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Botswana, a small country in southern Africa, has had a very high prevalence of HIV since about 1995. It seems important to analyze the response of this country to help us understand how it became one of the first nations to achieve the 90-90-90 targets. RECENT FINDINGS:Botswana began a national prog...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000580
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a critical role as providers of B-cell help and dysfunction in Tfh/B-cell interactions can lead to autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. These observations have generated a great deal of interest in understanding how these cells are affected during HIV infection and ho...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000095
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The achievement of significant reductions in the price of antiretroviral drugs constitutes one of the main economic pillars of antiretroviral treatment scale-up in developing countries. Today this economic pillar is threatened. RECENT FINDINGS:The prohibitive prices of newer first-line and second-lin...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833860ba
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:With the progressive aging of populations of people with HIV (PWH), multimorbidity is increasing. Multimorbidity patterns, that is groups of comorbidities that are likely to co-occur, may suggest shared causes or common risk factors. We review the literature regarding multimorbidity patterns identifie...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000595
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article examines the dual HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk behaviors engaged in by women who use or inject drugs; the individual, social, and structural drivers of HIV and STI risk; prevention strategies; and the implications for multilevel, combined, sex-specific HIV prevention ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3283536ab2
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Acute and early HIV (AHI) is a pivotal time during HIV infection, yet there remain major shortfalls in diagnosis, linkage to care, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during AHI. We introduce an AHI-specific cascade, review recent evidence pertaining to the unique challenges of AHI, and discus...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000193
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although there has been a significant increase in mHealth interventions addressing the HIV prevention and care continuum, interventions using game mechanics have been less explored. Digital games are rapidly becoming an important tool for improving health behaviors and supporting the delivery of care ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000399
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Outcomes among young people living with HIV (YPLWH) remain disturbingly poor. We summarize recent research on youth-friendly services (YFS) and adolescent-specific differentiated care models, which may improve outcomes across the HIV care continuum for this vulnerable population. We further emphasize ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000454
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a male bias in mortality likely driven by both gender and sex-based differences between male and female individuals. This is consistent with sex and gender-based features of HIV infection and overlap betwee...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000661
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize the current standards of care for both HIV treatment and HIV prevention in 2019. RECENT FINDINGS:Current HIV treatment is started as soon as feasible in a person with HIV infection and consists of a three-drug oral daily antiretroviral regimen, consisting of...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000588
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00