Country-wide rainfall maps from cellular communication networks.

abstract：:This paper exploits a unique ongoing experiment to analyze the effects of early rearing conditions on physical and mental health in a sample of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We analyze the health records of 231 monkeys that were randomly allocated at birth across three rearing conditions: mother rearing, peer reari...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conti G,Hansman C,Heckman JJ,Novak MF,Ruggiero A,Suomi SJ

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Dual inactivation of PTEN and INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor genes is a common feature observed in a broad spectrum of human cancer types. To validate functional collaboration between these genes in tumor suppression, we examined the biological consequences of Pten and/or Ink4a/Arf deficiency in cells and mice. Relative t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： You MJ,Castrillon DH,Bastian BC,O'Hagan RC,Bosenberg MW,Parsons R,Chin L,DePinho RA

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The completion of the human genome draft has taken several years and is only the beginning of a period in which large amounts of DNA and RNA sequence information will be required from many individuals and species. Conventional sequencing technology has limitations in cost, speed, and sensitivity, with the result that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Braslavsky I,Hebert B,Kartalov E,Quake SR

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screen is a powerful tool to facilitate the discovery of cancer genes that drive tumorigenesis in mouse models. In this study, we sought to identify genes that functionally cooperate with sonic hedgehog signaling to initiate medulloblastoma (MB), a tumor of the cerebellu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Genovesi LA,Ng CG,Davis MJ,Remke M,Taylor MD,Adams DJ,Rust AG,Ward JM,Ban KH,Jenkins NA,Copeland NG,Wainwright BJ

更新日期：2013-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Achieving label-free, molecular-specific imaging with high spatial resolution in deep tissue is often considered the grand challenge of optical imaging. To accomplish this goal, significant optical scattering in tissues has to be overcome while achieving molecular specificity without resorting to extrinsic labeling. W...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yakovlev VV,Zhang HF,Noojin GD,Denton ML,Thomas RJ,Scully MO

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well-established morphologically that bipolar cells, the second-order neurons in the vertebrate retina, make reciprocal synapses with amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. However, neither the property nor the physiological function of the feedback synapse is understood. Autoradiographic and immunohistoch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tachibana M,Kaneko A

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Striga is a major biotic constraint to sorghum production in semiarid tropical Africa and Asia. Genetic resistance to this parasitic weed is the most economically feasible control measure. Mutant alleles at the LGS1 (LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1) locus drastically reduce Striga germination stimulant activity. We provid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gobena D,Shimels M,Rich PJ,Ruyter-Spira C,Bouwmeester H,Kanuganti S,Mengiste T,Ejeta G

更新日期：2017-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Dispersed cell cultures were established from 7- to 9-day postnatal mouse cerebellum. The fibrin slice method was used to obtain a localization of plasminogen activator production to specific cells. Fibrinolytically active cells were small (5- to 8-micrometer diameter), round, and occurred singly or in aggregates. Fib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krystosek A,Seeds NW

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody modulation of T-cell coinhibitory (e.g., CTLA-4) or costimulatory (e.g., 4-1BB) receptors promotes clinical responses to a variety of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccination, in contrast, has produced limited clinical benefit and no curative therapies. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papilloma virus (HPV)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bartkowiak T,Singh S,Yang G,Galvan G,Haria D,Ai M,Allison JP,Sastry KJ,Curran MA

更新日期：2015-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:N6-Cyclohexyl[3H]adenosine ([3H]CHA) and 1,3-diethyl-8-[3H]phenylxanthine ([3H]DPX) to bind to adenosine receptors in brain membranes. The agonist [3H]CHA has high affinity in both bovine and guinea pig brain (Kd, 0.7 nM and 6 nM, respectively). [3H]CHA binding kinetics are slow (dissociation t1/2;60 min); binding is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruns RF,Daly JW,Snyder SH

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli Min system self-organizes into a cell-pole to cell-pole oscillator on the membrane to prevent divisions at the cell poles. Reconstituting the Min system on a lipid bilayer has contributed to elucidating the oscillatory mechanism. However, previous in vitro patterns were attained with protein densi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vecchiarelli AG,Li M,Mizuuchi M,Hwang LC,Seol Y,Neuman KC,Mizuuchi K

更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:High levels of D-serine occur in mammalian brain, where it appears to be an endogenous ligand of the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. In glial cultures of rat cerebral cortex, D-serine is enriched in type II astrocytes and is released upon stimulation with agonists of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolosker H,Sheth KN,Takahashi M,Mothet JP,Brady RO Jr,Ferris CD,Snyder SH

更新日期：1999-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidation of mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation would be facilitated by the identification of defined culture conditions that allow these cells to be amplified. We now demonstrate a significant net increase (3-fold, P < 0.001) in vitro of cells that are individually abl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller CL,Eaves CJ

更新日期：1997-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies were raised against two synthetic peptides whose sequences correspond respectively to the COOH-terminal end (residues 501-516) of the protein encoded by the gene for the delta chain and to a proposed cytoplasmic region (residues 350-358) of the beta chain of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Young EF,Ralston E,Blake J,Ramachandran J,Hall ZW,Stroud RM

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dynamic responses of the hearing organ to acoustic overstimulation were investigated using the guinea pig isolated temporal bone preparation. The organ was loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo-3, and the cochlear electric responses to low-level tones were recorded through a microelectrode in the scala m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fridberger A,Flock A,Ulfendahl M,Flock B

更新日期：1998-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) has been detected only in intestinal mucosa and colon carcinoma cells of placental mammals. However, this receptor has been identified in several tissues in marsupials, and its expression has been suggested in tissues other than intestine in placental mammals. Selective expression of GCC by co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carrithers SL,Barber MT,Biswas S,Parkinson SJ,Park PK,Goldstein SD,Waldman SA

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We suggested to 228 subjects in two experiments that, as children, they had had negative experiences with a fattening food. An additional 107 subjects received no such suggestion and served as controls. In Experiment 1, a minority of subjects came to believe that they had felt ill after eating strawberry ice cream as ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bernstein DM,Laney C,Morris EK,Loftus EF

更新日期：2005-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants, although sessile, can reorient growth axes in response to changing environmental conditions. Phototropism and gravitropism represent adaptive growth responses induced by changes in light direction and growth axis orientation relative to gravitational direction, respectively. The nearly 80-year-old Cholodny-Wen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Esmon CA,Tinsley AG,Ljung K,Sandberg G,Hearne LB,Liscum E

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated transgenic mice harboring a glycine-to-cysteine mutation in residue 85 of the triple helical domain of mouse type II collagen. The offspring of different founders displayed a phenotype of severe chondrodysplasia characterized by short limbs and trunk, cranio-facial deformities, and cleft palate. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garofalo S,Vuorio E,Metsaranta M,Rosati R,Toman D,Vaughan J,Lozano G,Mayne R,Ellard J,Horton W

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Object recognition is challenging because the same object can produce vastly different images, mixing signals related to its identity with signals due to its image attributes, such as size, position, rotation, etc. Previous studies have shown that both signals are present in high-level visual areas, but precisely how ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratan Murty NA,Arun SP

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used a motif-based structural search method to identify structural homologs of the hormone binding domains of the nuclear receptors from among a set of known protein structures and have found the closest similarity with members of the subtilisin-like serine proteases. These proteins consist of an open twisted ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein RA,Katzenellenbogen JA,Luthey-Schulten ZA,Seielstad DA,Wolynes PG

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous reconstructions of marine fishing fleets have aggregated data without regard to the artisanal and industrial sectors. Engine power has often been estimated from subsets of the developed world, leading to inflated results. We disaggregated data into three sectors, artisanal (unpowered/powered) and industrial, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rousseau Y,Watson RA,Blanchard JL,Fulton EA

更新日期：2019-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural crest cell derivatives have been suggested to be involved in thymus development. We established nonlymphoid thymic stromal cell cultures capable of supporting T-cell differentiation. In these nonlymphoid cell cultures, we identified cells with phenotypic and biochemical markers specific for neuronal cells. Neur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Screpanti I,Meco D,Scarpa S,Morrone S,Frati L,Gulino A,Modesti A

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution mapping of cofactor-specific photochemistry in photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides was achieved by polarization selective ultrafast spectroscopy in single crystals at cryogenic temperature. By exploiting the fixed orientation of cofactors within crystals, we isolated a si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang L,Ponomarenko N,Wiederrecht GP,Tiede DM

更新日期：2012-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The CD4 receptor contributes to T-cell activation by coligating major histocompatibility complex class II on antigen presenting cells with the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex, and triggering a cascade of signaling events including tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. Paradoxically, CD3 cross-linking p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desbarats J,Freed JH,Campbell PA,Newell MK

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluate the impact of anthropogenic and natural NO(x) sources over the contiguous United States on tropospheric NO(x) and O(3) levels by using a global 3D chemical transport model. The effects of major U.S. surface NO(x) emission sources (including anthropogenic, biomass burning, and soil emissions) are compared w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang R,Tie X,Bond DW

更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Synergism between transcriptional activators is a powerful way of potentiating their function. Here we show that the glial POU domain protein Tst-1 (also known as Oct-6 and SCIP) and large tumor antigen (T antigen) synergistically increased transcription from both the early and the late promoters of papovavirus JC in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renner K,Leger H,Wegner M

更新日期：1994-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the embryo proper and suspensor of plant embryos activate specific gene sets shortly after fertilization. We analyzed the upstream region of the scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) G564 gene to understand how genes are activated specifically within the susp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kawashima T,Wang X,Henry KF,Bi Y,Weterings K,Goldberg RB

更新日期：2009-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteocalcin, a bone-specific protein and marker of the mature osteoblast, is expressed only in nonproliferating osteoblasts in a mineralizing extracellular matrix, while type I collagen is expressed in proliferating cells. The nuclear proteins encoded by the c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes are expressed during the prol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Owen TA,Bortell R,Yocum SA,Smock SL,Zhang M,Abate C,Shalhoub V,Aronin N,Wright KL,van Wijnen AJ

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To relate transients of force by single kinesin molecules with the elementary steps of the ATPase cycle, we measured the time to force generation by kinesin after photorelease of ATP from caged ATP. Kinesin-coated beads were trapped by an infrared laser and brought onto microtubules fixed to a coverslip. Tension was a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higuchi H,Muto E,Inoue Y,Yanagida T

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00