Sequence information can be obtained from single DNA molecules.

abstract：:Gene expression is a stochastic, or "noisy," process. This noise comes about in two ways. The inherent stochasticity of biochemical processes such as transcription and translation generates "intrinsic" noise. In addition, fluctuations in the amounts or states of other cellular components lead indirectly to variation i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swain PS,Elowitz MB,Siggia ED

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has been hypothesized to function as an intercellular shuttle in the vertebrate eye, serving to transport retinoids between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors in the process by which visual pigment is regenerated after photolysis. This hypothesis ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okajima TI,Pepperberg DR,Ripps H,Wiggert B,Chader GJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effective management of marine fisheries is an ongoing challenge at the intersection of biology, economics, and policy. One way in which fish stocks-and their habitats-can be protected is through the establishment of marine reserves, areas that are closed to fishing. Although the potential economic benefits of suc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herrera GE,Moeller HV,Neubert MG

更新日期：2016-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-mediated G(1) arrest previously has been shown to specifically target inactivation of cyclin D:cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4/6 complexes. We report here that TGF-beta-treated human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells arrest in G(1), but retain continued cyclin D:Cdk4/6 act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagahara H,Ezhevsky SA,Vocero-Akbani AM,Kaldis P,Solomon MJ,Dowdy SF

更新日期：1999-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Circulating exosomal microRNA (miR) represents a new class of blood-based biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. The detection of miR at a very low concentration and with single-base discrimination without the need for sophisticated equipment, large volumes, or elaborate sample processing is a challenge. To address this...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Canady TD,Li N,Smith LD,Lu Y,Kohli M,Smith AM,Cunningham BT

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2009 we reported that depletion of Dicer-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of miRNA biosynthesis, prevents metamorphosis in Blattella germanica. However, the precise regulatory roles of miRNAs in the process have remained elusive. In the present work, we have observed that Dicer-1 depletion results in an ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lozano J,Montañez R,Belles X

更新日期：2015-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:COVID-19 has emerged as one of the deadliest and most disruptive events in recent human history. Drawing from political science and psychological theories, we examine the effects of daily confirmed cases in a country on citizens' support for the political leader through the first 120 d of 2020. Using three unique data...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yam KC,Jackson JC,Barnes CM,Lau J,Qin X,Lee HY

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell signaling systems sense and respond to ligands that bind cell surface receptors. These systems often respond to changes in the concentration of extracellular ligand more rapidly than the ligand equilibrates with its receptor. We demonstrate, by modeling and experiment, a general "systems level" mechanism cells us...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ventura AC,Bush A,Vasen G,Goldín MA,Burkinshaw B,Bhattacharjee N,Folch A,Brent R,Chernomoretz A,Colman-Lerner A

更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Aqueous gel sieving chromatography on Sephadex G-10 of the Group IA cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) plus NH4+ as the Cl- salts, in combination with previous results for the halide anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) as the Na+ salts [Washabaugh, M.W. & Collins, K.D. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12477-12485], leads to the followi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collins KD

更新日期：1995-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Both plants and animals require the activity of proteins containing nucleotide binding (NB) domain and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains for proper immune system function. NB-LRR proteins in plants (NLR proteins in animals) also require conserved regulation via the proteins SGT1 and cytosolic HSP90. RAR1, a protein sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hubert DA,He Y,McNulty BC,Tornero P,Dangl JL

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The NMR structures of three single-amino acid variants of the C-terminal domain of the human prion protein, hPrP(121-230), are presented. In hPrP(M166V) and hPrP(R220K) the substitution is with the corresponding residue in murine PrP, and in hPrP(S170N) it is with the corresponding Syrian hamster residue. All three su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calzolai L,Lysek DA,Guntert P,von Schroetter C,Riek R,Zahn R,Wüthrich K

更新日期：2000-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Our group recently demonstrated that autoimmune T cells directed against central nervous system-associated myelin antigens protect neurons from secondary degeneration. We further showed that the synthetic peptide copolymer 1 (Cop-1), known to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, can be safely substitute...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schori H,Kipnis J,Yoles E,WoldeMussie E,Ruiz G,Wheeler LA,Schwartz M

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Single molecule atomic force microscopy was used to characterize structure, binding strength (unbinding force), and binding kinetics of a classical cadherin, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, secreted by transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells as cis-dimerized full-length external domain fused to Fc-portion of human...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baumgartner W,Hinterdorfer P,Ness W,Raab A,Vestweber D,Schindler H,Drenckhahn D

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts are widely used for mutagenicity testing but have the serious limitation that they do not express cytochromes P-450, which are needed for the activation of many promutagens to mutagenic metabolites. A full-length cDNA clone encoding the monooxygenase cytochrome P-450IIB1 under control o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doehmer J,Dogra S,Friedberg T,Monier S,Adesnik M,Glatt H,Oesch F

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to the metabolic actions of insulin on liver. Here, we show that mice with a liver-specific deletion of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K (L-Pik3r1KO) exhibit a paradoxical improvement of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Although PI3K enzymatic a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taniguchi CM,Tran TT,Kondo T,Luo J,Ueki K,Cantley LC,Kahn CR

更新日期：2006-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Transfer RNA is one of the most richly modified biological molecules. Biosynthetic pathways that introduce these modifications are underexplored, largely because their absence does not lead to obvious phenotypes under normal growth conditions. Queuosine (Q) is a hypermodified base found in the wobble positions of tRNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miles ZD,McCarty RM,Molnar G,Bandarian V

更新日期：2011-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than 50 y ecologists have believed that spatial heterogeneity in habitat conditions promotes species richness by increasing opportunities for niche partitioning. However, a recent stochastic model combining the main elements of niche theory and island biogeography theory suggests that environmental heterogene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Allouche O,Kalyuzhny M,Moreno-Rueda G,Pizarro M,Kadmon R

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Charge transfer at metallo-molecular interfaces may be used to design multifunctional hybrids with an emergent magnetization that may offer an eco-friendly and tunable alternative to conventional magnets and devices. Here, we investigate the origin of the magnetism arising at these interfaces by using different techni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Al Ma'Mari F,Rogers M,Alghamdi S,Moorsom T,Lee S,Prokscha T,Luetkens H,Valvidares M,Teobaldi G,Flokstra M,Stewart R,Gargiani P,Ali M,Burnell G,Hickey BJ,Cespedes O

更新日期：2017-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To coordinate movements with events in a dynamic environment the brain has to anticipate when those events occur. A classic example is the estimation of time to contact (TTC), that is, when an object reaches a target. It is thought that TTC is estimated from kinematic variables. For example, a tennis player might use ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang CJ,Jazayeri M

更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of the region antero-ventral to the third cerebral ventricle (AV3V) by a cholinergic drug, carbachol, and lesions of the AV3V have been demonstrated in previous studies to either augment or decrease sodium excretion, respectively. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) dramatically increases renal sodium excreti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baldissera S,Menani JW,dos Santos LF,Favaretto AL,Gutkowska J,Turrin MQ,McCann SM,Antunes-Rodrigues J

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sparking of cut grape hemispheres in a household microwave oven has been a poorly explained Internet parlor trick for over two decades. By expanding this phenomenon to whole spherical dimers of various grape-sized fruit and hydrogel water beads, we demonstrate that the formation of plasma is due to electromagnetic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khattak HK,Bianucci P,Slepkov AD

更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study the complete amino acid sequence of human plasma Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein was determined. This protein whose biological function is unknown consists of a single polypeptide chain of 276 amino acid residues including 8 tryptophan residues and has a pyroglutamyl residue at the amino terminus. The loc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Araki T,Gejyo F,Takagaki K,Haupt H,Schwick HG,Bürgi W,Marti T,Schaller J,Rickli E,Brossmer R

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By manufacturing a single-particle system in two particulate forms (i.e., micrometer size and nanometer size), we have designed a bacterial vaccine form that exhibits improved efficacy of immunization. Microstructural properties are adapted to alter dispersive and aerosol properties independently. Dried "nanomicropart...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garcia-Contreras L,Wong YL,Muttil P,Padilla D,Sadoff J,Derousse J,Germishuizen WA,Goonesekera S,Elbert K,Bloom BR,Miller R,Fourie PB,Hickey A,Edwards D

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A revelation of the genomic age has been the contributions of the mobile DNA segments called transposable elements to chromosome structure, function, and evolution in virtually all organisms. Substantial fractions of vertebrate genomes derive from transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitra R,Li X,Kapusta A,Mayhew D,Mitra RD,Feschotte C,Craig NL

更新日期：2013-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Electron microscopic techniques have been used to reveal two classes of subunits of tubulin in ordered arrays. Presumably the two classes correspond to the alpha and beta polypeptide chains of tubulin that have been distinguished by chemical criteria. The two types of subunits alternate along individual protofilaments...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crepeau RH,McEwen B,Edelstein SJ

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires the mgtC gene to cause disease. The mgtC transcript includes a long leader region that harbors a short proline codon-rich ORF--termed mgtP--the translation of which is predicted to favor formation of one of two alternative stem-loop structures...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee EJ,Choi J,Groisman EA

更新日期：2014-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a coevolutionary method for the computational design of HIV-1 protease inhibitors selected for their ability to retain efficacy in the face of protease mutation. For HIV-1 protease, typical drug design techniques are shown to be ineffective for the design of resistance-evading inhibitors: An inhibito...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosin CD,Belew RK,Morris GM,Olson AJ,Goodsell DS

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Two cDNAs encoding two human receptors for retinoic acid (RA), RAR-alpha and RAR-beta, have been characterized recently. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequences unique to RAR-alpha and RAR-beta were used to generate anti-RAR-alpha antiserum (SP171) and anti-RAR-beta antisera (SP172 an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gaub MP,Lutz Y,Ruberte E,Petkovich M,Brand N,Chambon P

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have totally synthesized a gene that codes for rat hepatic cytochrome b5. The 5' flanking region was designed for efficient expression of this gene in Escherichia coli by incorporating an optimum ribosome binding site and spacer region. Both a soluble form, analogous to the protease-treated microsomal protein, as w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beck von Bodman S,Schuler MA,Jollie DR,Sligar SG

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a key effector of the innate immune system against viruses. Activation of TLR3 exerts an antitumoral effect through a mechanism of action still poorly understood. Here we show that TLR3 activation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid induces up-regulation of microRNA-29b, -29c, -148b, and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galli R,Paone A,Fabbri M,Zanesi N,Calore F,Cascione L,Acunzo M,Stoppacciaro A,Tubaro A,Lovat F,Gasparini P,Fadda P,Alder H,Volinia S,Filippini A,Ziparo E,Riccioli A,Croce CM

更新日期：2013-06-11 00:00:00