Abstract:
:Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L (CERP) has been used to treat different diseases in the Chinese population for decades. In this study, we investigated the effects of CERP on LS1034 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and also examined possible mechanisms of cell death. Flow cytometric assays were used to measure the percentage of viable cells, cell cycle distribution including the sub-G1 phase (apoptosis), the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). DNA damage, nuclei condensation, protein expression, and translocation were examined by Comet assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blotting, and confocal laser system microscope, respectively. CERP induced apoptosis as seen by DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in cancer cells. CERP was associated with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and CERP promoted the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Both ROS and Ca(2+) levels were increased by CERP but the compound decreased levels of ΔΨm in LS1034 cells. Laser confocal microscope also confirmed that CERP promoted the expressions of AIF, Endo G, cytochrome c, and GADD153 to induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
journal_name
Environ Toxicoljournal_title
Environmental toxicologyauthors
Ma YS,Hsu SC,Weng SW,Yu CC,Yang JS,Lai KC,Lin JP,Lin JG,Chung JGdoi
10.1002/tox.21827subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
969-80issue
9eissn
1520-4081issn
1522-7278journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The risk presented by β-blockers on aquatic organisms remains uncertain, particularly given the enantiospecific differences in toxicity of chiral β-blockers. In this study, the toxicity of two β-blockers, propranolol and metoprolol, was determined. The 96-h LC50 of propranolol in the zebrafish larvae was 2.48 mg/L, wh...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21867
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the role of oxidative stress in Sudan IV-induced DNA damage, using human liver-derived HepG2 cells. METHODS:The DNA damaging effects of Sudan IV in HepG2 cells were evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay and micronucleus test (MNT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20558
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metals such as lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) are ubiquitous in the environment as a result of natural occurrence and anthropogenic activities. Although Mg, Fe, and others are considered essential elements, high level of exposure has been associated with severe adverse health effects including cardiovascular...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22014
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common type of chronic inflammatory disease which is triggered by dysfunction in the immune system which in turn affects synovial joints. Current treatment of RA with NSAIDs and DMRDs is limited by their side effect. As a result, the interest in alternative, well tolerated anti-in...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22264
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead is a major heavy-metal contaminant in the environment that has various anthropogenic and natural sources. To study the phytotoxic effects of Pb on the popular vegetable Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) via depression of nitrogen assimilation, pot culture experiments with three concentrations of treatme...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20167
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Andrographolide, the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. Endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, displays proinflammatory property. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22293
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chronic effect of p-nonylphenol on survival and reproduction for two generations of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia galeata was examined by life table experiments. The effects on survival and reproduction were used as the intrinsic rate of natural increase, r, with the Euler-Lotka equation and were analyzed with...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.10083
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tributyltin (TBT), a well-known endocrine disruptor, is an omnipresent environmental pollutant and is explicitly used in many industrial applications. Previously we have shown its neurotoxic potential on cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats. As the effect of TBT on other brain regions is not known, we planned this stud...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22009
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) is a ubiquitous air pollutant. The previous studies have documented the adverse effects of SO2 on nervous system health, suggesting that acutely SO2 inhalation at high concentration may be associated with neurotoxicity and increase risk of hospitalization and mortality of many brain disorders. Ho...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22093
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intake of arsenic (As) via drinking water has been a serious threat to global public health. Though there are numerous reports of As neurotoxicity, its pathogenesis mechanisms remain vague especially its chronic effects on metabolic network. Hippocampus is a renowned area in relation to learning and memory, whilst rec...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22662
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has been indicated as one of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Epidemiological studies have attributed this pathological fibrosis to the habit of areca nuts chewing, which causes chronic inflammation and persistent activation of myofibroblasts in the oral cavity. Hence, it is cruc...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22489
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Survival of juvenile freshwater mussels (Echyridella menziesii (Gray, 1843) formerly known as Hyridella menziesi) and crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons, White, 1842) decreased after four days exposure to microcystin-containing cell-free extracts (MCFE) of Microcystis sp. at concentrations typical of severe cyanobacter...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21774
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dicrotophos is a systemic insecticide with a wide range of applications. We investigated the genotoxicity of dicrotophos using the Ames test, the chromosome aberration test in CHO-K1 cells, and the comet assay in the Hep G2 cells, while this chemicals' toxicity to both the cell lines was evaluated with the MTT assay. ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20645
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the current study, the toxicological mechanisms of microcystin-LR and its disadvantageous effects on Daphnia magna were examined. Survival rate, number of newborn, activity of several important enzymes [glutathione S-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphatases, and glutathione], accumulated microcy...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20108
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to understand the effects of sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos (DIC) on hematological constituent [red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles (WBC), mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20390
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cantharidin is one of the major compounds from mylabris and it has cytotoxic effects in many different types of human cancer cells. Previously, we found that cantharidin induced cell death through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells. However, cantharidin-affected DNA damage, r...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21986
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microcystins (MCs), as the most dominant bloom-forming strains in eutrophic surface water, can induce hepatotoxicity by oxidative stress. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Howe...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22908
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory toxicity tests were performed to obtain more data on the toxicity of ammonia to saltwater organisms. The standards for in-stream ammonia limits in marine environments presently are based on toxicity tests involving both freshwater and saltwater organisms. Acute tests (48 and 96 h) were performed at 20 degre...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20006
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melamine is a heterocyclic, aromatic amine and nitrogen-enriched environmental toxicant, found in not only adulterated foodstuffs but also industrial household tableware and paints. Previous studies demonstrated adverse effects of high-dose melamine on human infants and pregnant animals, but effects of low-dose melami...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22218
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, toxic effects of the cypermethrin in Allium cepa L. cells were investigated. For this aim, we investigated the changes in pigment contents, antioxidant enzymes, mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities as indicators of toxicity. The seeds were treated with different doses (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 ppm) of cyper...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20681
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal though up to now its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we comparatively investigated the cytotoxic mechanisms of Tl(I) and Tl(III) in isolated rat hepatocytes. Both Tl(I) and Tl(III) cytotoxicities were associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20590
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as reaction media in various commercial applications. Many reports have indicated that most ILs are poorly decomposed by microorganisms and are toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, differential gene expression profiling was conducted using a suppression subtraction hybridizati...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22244
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous solution with simulated solar radiation (SSR; a light source with a visible light: UV-A:UV-B ratio similar to that of sunlight) can greatly enhance their toxicity. Two microbial toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri were used to investigate the effect of ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.1034
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::New reports indicate that the toxic alkaloid cylindrospermopsin occurs in cyanobacteria in Israel, Florida, South America, and Australia in drinking water sources. This toxin is now recognised as a potential threat to human health. Furthermore, we have recently demonstrated the mutagenicity of cylindrospermopsin in vi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.1024
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea on hypertension-induced cardiac apoptotic pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In order to reveal the mechanisms, 36 male...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22565
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant commonly used in cleaning agents such as laundry detergents. Trace amounts of LAS are released into environmental waters after processing in wastewater treatment plants after the use of this chemical. Acute toxicity of LAS has been well-studied using various...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22217
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the concentrations of monoamines in the brain of Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, exposed to tributyltin (TBT). Fish were exposed to 0, 1, 5, 25, or 125 microg g(-1) of TBT via the diet for 21 days. After the administration period, six males and six females in each treatment group were dissected and their...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20233
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead ions (Pb(2+) ) are toxic industrial pollutants associated with chronic inflammatory diseases in humans and animals. Previously, we found that Pb(2+) ions induce COX-2 gene expression via the EGF receptor/nuclear factor-κB signal transduction pathway in epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. In this study, to see wh...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.21976
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The environmental pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to affect bone metabolism. We evaluated the protective effects of the triterpene glycoside actein from the herb black cohosh against TCDD-induced toxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. We found that TCDD significantly reduced cell viabil...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.22459
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modulation of microcystin production has been extensively studied in both batch and continuous cultures. Positive correlations with medium nitrogen, medium phosphorous, light intensity, inorganic carbon availability, and growth rate have been reported. Negative correlations have been reported between microcystin conte...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/tox.20106
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00