Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with alterations in motivated behavior in offspring, such as increased consumption of highly palatable foods and abused drugs. Animal models show that gestational nicotine (GN) exposure mediates changes in responding for sucrose and drug reward. METHODS:A novel, intermittent low-dose intravenous (IV) exposure model was used to administer nicotine (0.05 mg/kg/injection) or saline 3×/day to rats on gestational days 8-21. Two experiments investigated the effect of IV GN on (1) the habituation of spontaneous locomotor activity and on (2) sucrose reinforced responding in offspring. For the operant experiments, animals acquired fixed-ratio (FR-3) responding for sucrose, 26% (w/v), and were tested on varying concentrations (0, 3, 10, 30, and 56%; Latin-square) according to a FR-3, and then a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule. Male and female adult offspring were used. RESULTS:IV GN did not alter birth or growth weight, or the number of pups born. No between-group differences in habituation to spontaneous locomotor activity were observed. FR testing produced an inverted U-shaped response curve, and rats showed peak responding for 10% sucrose reinforcement. Neither gestation nor sex affected responding, suggesting equivalent sensitivity to varying sucrose concentrations. PR testing revealed that GN rats showed greater motivation for sucrose reinforcement relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS:A low-dose, IV GN exposure model resulted in increased motivation to respond for sucrose reinforcement in adult offspring. This suggests that using a low number of cigarettes throughout pregnancy will result in increased motivation for highly palatable foods in adult, and perhaps, adolescent offspring.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Lacy RT,Hord LL,Morgan AJ,Harrod SBdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
299-306issue
3eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(12)00042-7journal_volume
124pub_type
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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