Abstract:
:Glucosamine in its acetylated form is a natural constituent of some glycosaminoglycans (for example, hyaluronic acid and keratan sulfate) in the proteoglycans found in articular cartilage, intervertebral disc and synovial fluid. Glucosamine can be extracted and stabilized by chemical modification and used as a drug or a nutraceutical. It has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in Europe to promote cartilage and joint health and is sold over the counter as a dietary supplement in the United States. Various formulations of glucosamine have been tested, including glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride. In vitro and in vivo studies have uncovered glucosamine's mechanisms of action on articular tissues (cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bone) and justified its efficacy by demonstrating structure-modifying and anti-inflammatory effects at high concentrations. However, results from clinical trials have raised many concerns. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that glucosamine is easily absorbed, but the current treatment doses (for example, 1,500 mg/day) barely reach the required therapeutic concentration in plasma and tissue. The symptomatic effect size of glucosamine varies greatly depending on the formulation used and the quality of clinical trials. Importantly, the effect size reduces when evidence is accumulated chronologically and evidence for the structure-modifying effects of glucosamine are sparse. Hence, glucosamine was at first recommended by EULAR and OARSI for the management of knee pain and structure improvement in OA patients, but not in the most recent NICE guidelines. Consequently, the published recommendations for the management of OA require revision. Glucosamine is generally safe and although there are concerns about potential allergic and salt-related side effects of some formulations, no major adverse events have been reported so far. This paper examines all the in vitro and in vivo evidence for the mechanism of action of glucosamine as well as reviews the results of clinical trials. The pharmacokinetics, side effects and differences observed with different formulations of glucosamine and combination therapies are also considered. Finally, the importance of study design and criteria of evaluation are highlighted as new compounds represent new interesting options for the management of OA.
journal_name
Arthritis Res Therjournal_title
Arthritis research & therapyauthors
Henrotin Y,Mobasheri A,Marty Mdoi
10.1186/ar3657subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-30 00:00:00pages
201issue
1eissn
1478-6354issn
1478-6362pii
ar3657journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been known to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise on CVD risk in elderly women with RA. METHOD:In total, 56 female patients with RA were assigned to either a Tai Chi exercise...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0893-x
更新日期:2015-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes the immunological consequences of biological therapies used in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). For every frequently used biological agent the characteristics are clearly specified (molecular target, isotype, registered indication for JIA, route of administration, half-life, contraindication...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar4213
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share genetic and clinical features. IBD is associated with the presence of antibodies to a variety of commensal microorganisms including anti-Saccharomyces cerevesiae antibodies (ASCA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-I2 (...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar4350
更新日期:2013-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was the evaluation of synovial effusion (SE), synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue (ST) biomarkers in relation to disease activity indexes to assess the response to intraarticular (IA) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS:Systemic and lo...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3090
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD)-related disorders are the major causes of low back pain. A previous study suggested that Notch activation serves as a protective mechanism and is a part of the compensatory response that maintains the necessary resident nucleus pulposus (NP) cell proliferation to repla...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1990-z
更新日期:2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins involved in key processes are detected in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. These myositis-specific autoantibodies have been increasingly demonstrated to correlate with distinct clinical phenotypes within the myositis spectrum. This review highlights the ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar3275
更新日期:2011-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have lower bone mineral density and increased fracture risk when compared with healthy individuals, due to distinct factors and mechanisms. Bone remodeling is a tightly orchestrated process dependent on several factors, including the balance between receptor acti...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/ar3500
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies which recognize histidyl-tRNA synthetase identify patients with the rare rheumatologic disease, anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase syndrome (Jo-1 ARS), a phenotypically distinct subset of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Jo-1-binding B cells (JBCs) are implicated in disease patho...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02412-8
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The present study aimed to evaluate the suppressive role of interleukin (IL)-25 in IL-22-induced osteoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS:Serum from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy controls, and synov...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02315-8
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:miR-146a is one of the first identified miRNAs expressed differentially in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. However, the role it plays in OA pathogenesis is not clear. The aim of this study is to identify a molecular target of miR-146a, thereby elucidating its function in chondrocytes during OA pathogenesis....
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3798
更新日期:2012-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of risedronate (Ris) in the modulation of bone formation in rats with glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis by histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses. METHODS:We analyzed structure, turnover and microarchitecture, cycloo...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3122
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To investigate the association between knee pain and risk factors including low back pain and to develop a score to predict new knee pain in an older population, using population-based longitudinal cohort data. METHODS:We collected a questionnaire on self-reported knee pain and demographic data in a systema...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1884-0
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term of inflammatory joint diseases in children. Oligoarthritis is the most common form in the Western world, representing roughly 60% of all patients. Monocytes and macrophages play an important role in adult arthritides, but their role in oligoarticular JI...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02279-9
更新日期:2020-08-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased circulatory levels of the chemokine CXCL4 have been associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in an observational study of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between baseline CXCL4 level and extent of ILD i...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1203-y
更新日期:2016-12-30 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cell stimulation leads to the shedding of phosphatidylserine (PS)-rich microparticles (MPs). Because autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by cell activation, we investigated level of circulating MPs as a possible biomarker in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar2833
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex etiopathogenesis. Despite extensive studies to understand the disease process utilizing human and mouse models, the intersection between these species remains elusive. To address this gap, we utilized a novel systems biology appr...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar4081
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was first identified in the intervertebral disc (IVD) when its molecular upregulation was observed in sections of nucleus pulposus cultured under conditions of increased osmolarity. BDNF is now known to be involved in a number of biologic functions, including regula...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar2456
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of discoveries over the past several years has provided a new paradigm for understanding autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. The discoveries of pattern recognition receptors and of how these receptors can be recruited into autoimmune responses underpin this paradigm. The implications of these observ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar2321
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is used for osteoarthritis management to reduce pain, and pre-clinical studies have shown that TA limits osteophyte formation. Osteophyte formation is known to be facilitated by synovial macrophage activation. TA injections might influence macrophage activation and subsequently...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0865-1
更新日期:2015-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nearly all secreted proteins are glycosylated, and serum glycoproteins that exhibit disease-associated glycosylation changes have potential to be biomarkers. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) are widely used as serologic biomarkers, but they lack s...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1013-2
更新日期:2016-05-21 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a key regulator of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and JNK deficiency markedly protects mice in animal models of arthritis. Cytokine-induced JNK activation is strictly dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase ...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3750
更新日期:2012-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Since current treatment options for patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain inadequate, especially for those unresponsive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), new and improved medication is needed. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of masitinib (AB1010), a p...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/ar2740
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) have been suggested to share many clinical and pathological features. However, few reports have investigated the relationship between the degree of PD and the treatment response to RA. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the extent of PD and t...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02269-x
更新日期:2020-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the degree to which Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA) was driven by patient-reported assessments of pain (Pain), physical function, and fatigue in patients receiving tofacitinib 5 mg t...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02324-7
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying tolerance induction and maintenance in autoimmune arthritis remain elusive. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis, we explore the contribution of B cells to antigen-specific tolerance. METHODS:To generate expression of the CII-peptide sp...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1037-7
更新日期:2016-06-14 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Little is known about systemic B-cell activation in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We therefore evaluated the serum levels of markers of B-cell activation in patients included in the ESPOIR early arthritis cohort. METHODS:In the ESPOIR early arthritis cohort (at least 2 swollen joints for more than 6 we...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/ar2773
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antigens that trigger the pathogenic immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unknown. Until recently it was assumed that either viral or microbial antigens, or joint-specific antigens were the target of arthritogenic T and B lymphocytes in RA. Consequently, murine models of arthritis are induced by imm...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/ar1476
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Positron Emission Tomography - Computer Tomography (PET-CT) is an interesting imaging technique to visualize Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) activity using specific PET tracers. Previous studies have shown that the PET tracers [18F]FDG and [11C](R)PK11195 can target inflammation (synovitis) in rheumatoid arthr...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/ar3792
更新日期:2012-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Comorbidities may contribute to disease activity and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We defined a somatization comorbidity phenotype (SCP) and examined its influence on response to certolizumab pegol (CZP) using data from the PREDICT trial. METHODS:Patients in PREDICT were randomiz...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1412-z
更新日期:2017-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We found recently that baseline signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with treatment response to synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). This prompted us to study the...
journal_title:Arthritis research & therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1278-0
更新日期:2017-04-11 00:00:00