Abstract:
:The human Herpesviridae family consists of eight members: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, -2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8 (HHV-6, -7, -8). Lifelong latency may develop in the host with reactivation during periods of relative immunosuppression that occurs in transplant recipients. These are pleiotropic viruses: in addition to their direct effects of tissue injury and clinical illness, they exhibit several indirect effects, including immunomodulation and effects on angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, which may result in long-term adverse sequelae in the lung allograft. CMV and HHV-6 and -7 are increasingly recognized as major causes of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. EBV and HHV-8 have proven oncogenic potential. HSV-1 and -2 and VZV are neurotropic, causing perioral fever blisters, genital ulcerations, and, rarely, encephalitis. This article discusses the individual pathogens, preventive strategies in the era of potent treatment regimens for established viral infection or disease and their potential impact on the indirect effects of these viruses on long-term allograft function, and the incidence, risk factors for, and impact of antiviral resistance.
journal_name
Semin Respir Crit Care Medjournal_title
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicineauthors
Zamora MRdoi
10.1055/s-0031-1283285subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-01 00:00:00pages
454-70issue
4eissn
1069-3424issn
1098-9048journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Bleeding from gastroesophageal varices is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Mortality from a variceal bleeding episode has decreased in the last 2 decades from 40% to 15 to 20% due to the implementation of effective treatments and improvement in the general medical care. Initial treatment should include adequate f...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301734
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECBs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in significant cost to the health care system. Epidemiological information on chronic bronchitis is abundant and has been collected in most industrialized countries. The epidemiology...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9845
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abstract::Despite advances in positive pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea, compliance continues to be a problem for many patients. Sleep apnea surgery is a viable option for patients who are intolerant of positive pressure therapy. This review presents the current state of the art in sleep apnea surgery, including air...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-864201
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) represents one of the largest subsets of patients with pneumonia. Based on epidemiological projections for the aging U.S. population, the number of hospitalizations for HCAP is expected to increase exponentially for the next several decades. The unique risk factors for colonizati...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119812
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit significant variability in the course and severity of the disease, and this variability is best interpreted in the context of an interaction between genetic and nongenetic determinants. While a small number of patients with "mild" mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-815660
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abstract::Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970331
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary rehabilitation is a standard of care for patients with chronic lung disease. Through appropriate patient selection and assessment, exercise training, educational and psychosocial intervention, nutritional counseling, and breathing retraining, many benefits (e.g., reduction in level of dyspnea, improvement in...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242632
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1599224
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tracheobronchial prostheses, known as airway stents, are used to palliate the effects of large airway obstruction. The most common types of stents in current clinical use are made of silicone or metallic wire. An ideal stent should possess several characteristics: (1) it should be easy to insert and remove, if necessa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-832710
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations requiring hospitalization are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the importance of COPD exacerbations has led to the knowledge that prevention of exacerbations and early treatment are important goals of COPD therapy. Preventive man...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1254071
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with severe infections are often treated with multiple courses of antibiotics in the intensive care unit (ICU), making the ICU a true antibiotic hotspot. The increasing incidence of multidrug resistance worldwide emphasizes the need for continued efforts in developing and implementing antibiotic stewardship p...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693995
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease, characterized by symmetric joint involvement, but it can also affect other organ systems, including the lungs. The better-known pulmonary manifestations of RA are interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid nodules, and pleural effusions. Less common manifestations include br...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-985664
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperoxia, or excess oxygen supplementation, prevails in the intensive care unit (ICU) without a beneficial effect and, in some instances, may cause harm. Recent interest and surge in clinical studies in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients has brought this to the attention of clinicians and researchers. Hy...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1570359
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying genetic determinants of pulmonary fibrosis is at an early stage of evolution. It is now well recognized that "pulmonary fibrosis" covers a broad range of lung diseases including most topically the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias that have been classified recently. Additionally, it is recognized that the...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2003-39019
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option for patients with end stage lung diseases, but long-term survival remains poor, primarily due to chronic allograft rejection. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), a fibrotic process resulting in progressive narrowing of bronchiolar lumens and airflow obstruction, is a manifestati...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-815601
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic syndrome of unknown etiology. The treatment of the granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis is thus dependent on nonspecific suppression of the immune response. Although steroid-sparing approaches have moved to front-line therapy for many other immune-mediated inflammatory d...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262218
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. Although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, NTM can cause a wide array of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin disease by M. marinum (particularly...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333569
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1597559
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial resistance has generally increased over the past 5 decades, with occasional brief respites following the introduction of new antimicrobial classes. Resistance has been driven by bacterial genetic events, antibiotic pressures, and lapses in hospital hygiene. Recently promoted solutions to the problem of h...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2003-37922
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is primarily a disease of the elderly. Although NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the overall prognosis of this disease is poor, treatment improves survival compared with best supportive care, independent of the stage of disease. Elderly patients hav...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-871987
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tracheostomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure in intensive care units (ICUs). Over the past three decades, there has been a substantial body of evidence to suggest percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) is at least as safe as surgical tracheostomy (ST) in the hands of trained clinicians. In most institutions, PT is ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1676573
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic sarcoidosis is a relatively common manifestation of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. It occurs in 20 to 30% of cases and is rarely severe. However, a cluster of patients may develop severe complications such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of clinical, biologi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713799
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among immunocompromised individuals, members of the human Herpesviridae family are frequently encountered pathogens. Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6, -7, and -8 all establish latency after infection and can reactivate during periods of ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584793
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila has been found to be a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In many studies, the clinical manifestations for Legionnaires' disease were more severe and the mortality was higher when compared with pneumonias of other etiology. ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9862
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed frequently by paramedics, emergency department personnel, and inpatient physicians. Unfortunately, after more than 40 years of practice and study, there are still many controversies and unresolved treatment issues. This article focuses on four current controversies in C...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13839
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare disorder and can be misdiagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). PVOD and iPAH often share a similar clinical presentation, genetic background, and hemodynamic profile. PVOD accounts for 5 to 10% of cases initially considered as iPAH. When compare...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1233310
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cor pulmonale frequently develops in patients with restrictive lung disease and neuromuscular disorders. Sleep disordered breathing, including nocturnal hypoventilation and obstructive apnea, has been associated with the development of cor pulmonale and may affect morbidity. The mechanisms responsible for sleep disord...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2003-41090
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews recent developments in the selection, assessment, and management of the potential lung donor, which aim to increase donor organ use. The scarcity of suitable donor organs continues to limit lung transplantation, but the situation is changing. An expanded donor pool, including the now widespread us...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1348464
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the improving survival of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the advent of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator therapy, the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of thi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1697975
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung-protective ventilator strategies are considered standard practice in the care of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, attention is directed at avoidance of alveolar overdistention and cyclical opening and closing. The lowest possible plateau pre...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382154
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00