Gammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host-microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface.

abstract：:A pure population of mast cells was obtained after 14 days of culturing mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of medium derived from concanavalin A-stimulated mouse spleen cells. The cells were characterized as mast cells by their morphologic appearance and histologic staining, by their histamine content (450 ng per...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Razin E,Cordon-Cardo C,Good RA

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An exciton is an electron-hole pair bound by attractive Coulomb interaction. Short-lived excitons have been detected by a variety of experimental probes in numerous contexts. An excitonic insulator, a collective state of such excitons, has been more elusive. Here, thanks to Nernst measurements in pulsed magnetic field...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang J,Nie P,Li X,Zuo H,Fauqué B,Zhu Z,Behnia K

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic studies of the white locus have shown that it has a distal region where structural mutations occur and a proximal region where regulatory mutations occur. To better understand the molecular basis of this genetic organization we have analyzed white locus transcription. A 2.7-kilobase transcript comprising 0.000...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'hare K,Levis R,Rubin GM

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research on tuberculosis and leprosy was revolutionized by the development of a plasmid transformation system in the fast-growing surrogate, Mycobacterium smegmatis. This transformation system was made possible by the successful isolation of a M. smegmatis mutant strain mc(2)155, whose efficient plasmid transformation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Panas MW,Jain P,Yang H,Mitra S,Biswas D,Wattam AR,Letvin NL,Jacobs WR Jr

更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The acetylcholine receptor is a protein that contains certain critical disulfide bonds. Experiments were designed to determine the role such bonds might play in the physiological activity of the receptor. Modification of the receptor with sodium bisulfite and diamide produced an increase in the time constants of the m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steinacker A,Zuazaga DC

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmic, spontaneously pulsating cardiac cells cultured from newborn rats are immediately stimulated to beat faster by addition of a number of tubulin-binding agents but not by their non-tubulin-binding analogues. The tubulin-binding agents tested include vinblastine, vincristine, navelbine, two analogs of vinblastin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lampidis TJ,Kolonias D,Savaraj N,Rubin RW

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this model gravitation results from the emission and absorption of quanta (gravitons) that are scattered a few times in crossing a typical galaxy. Many features of the universe can be explained in terms of this model, although theoretical justification for the scattering of gravitons is lacking. Gravitons follow a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Britten RJ

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-related hearing loss and noise-induced hearing loss are major causes of human morbidity. Here we used genetics and functional studies to show that a shared cause of these disorders may be loss of function of the ATP-gated P2X(2) receptor (ligand-gated ion channel, purinergic receptor 2) that is expressed in sensor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan D,Zhu Y,Walsh T,Xie D,Yuan H,Sirmaci A,Fujikawa T,Wong AC,Loh TL,Du L,Grati M,Vlajkovic SM,Blanton S,Ryan AF,Chen ZY,Thorne PR,Kachar B,Tekin M,Zhao HB,Housley GD,King MC,Liu XZ

更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Classification within the genus Pistacia has been based on leaf morphology and geographical distribution. Molecular genetic tools (PCR amplification followed by restriction analysis of a 3.2-kb region of variable chloroplast DNA, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Pistacia cpDNA with tobacco ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parfitt DE,Badenes ML

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are default committed toward osteogenesis. Even when induced to chondrogenesis, hMSCs typically form hypertrophic cartilage that undergoes endochondral ossification. Because embryonic mesenchyme is obviously competent to ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Occhetta P,Pigeot S,Rasponi M,Dasen B,Mehrkens A,Ullrich T,Kramer I,Guth-Gundel S,Barbero A,Martin I

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Replacing Leu-182 by Ala in yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) yields a mutant that retains 34% of its kcat value and makes one stereochemical "mistake" every 850,000 turnovers (instead of approximately 1 error every 7,000,000,000 turnovers in native YADH) in its selection of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weinhold EG,Glasfeld A,Ellington AD,Benner SA

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have made direct, quantitative measurements of the lateral motion and age-dependent distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on the surface of rat myotubes in primary culture. AChR were fluorescently marked with tetramethylrhodamine-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin and AChR lateral motion was measured by the fluore...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axelrod D,Ravdin P,Koppel DE,Schlessinger J,Webb WW,Elson EL,Podleski TR

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Almost all theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanisms underlying learning and memory focus on synaptic efficacy and make the implicit assumption that changes in synaptic efficacy are both necessary and sufficient to account for learning and memory. However, network dynamics depends on the complex interacti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marder E,Abbott LF,Turrigiano GG,Liu Z,Golowasch J

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular models generally used in the in vitro evaluation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus compounds are dividing cells. A model constituted by resting lymphocytes may more accurately reflect a drug's future efficacy in humans, since viral DNA synthesis is known to take place in quiescent cells, creating a res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malley SD,Grange JM,Hamedi-Sangsari F,Vila JR

更新日期：1994-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Under natural viewing conditions the input to the retina is a complex spatiotemporal signal that depends on both the scene and the way the observer moves. It is commonly assumed that the retina processes this input signal efficiently by taking into account the statistics of the natural world. It has recently been argu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Segal IY,Giladi C,Gedalin M,Rucci M,Ben-Tov M,Kushinsky Y,Mokeichev A,Segev R

更新日期：2015-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescent vital dye rhodamine 123 (Rh-123), which preferentially accumulates in mitochondrial membranes, can be used as a probe to indicate mitochondrial and hence cellular activity. In this study, mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were subdivided into Rh-123lo, Rh-123med, and Rh-123hi populations. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spangrude GJ,Johnson GR

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2-Isopropylmalate synthase (EC 4.1.3.12) of yeast is a mitochondrial enzyme. We now provide evidence showing that a large part of the 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity that is associated with the mitochondria is located in the mitochondrial matrix. In vitro translation of total yeast RNA followed by immunoprecipitat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hampsey DM,Lewin AS,Kohlhaw GB

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease responsible for the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Recently, a series of compounds called γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) has been shown to decrease the levels of long toxic Aβ species (i.e., Aβ42), with a concomitant elevation of the production of shorter Aβ spe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takeo K,Tanimura S,Shinoda T,Osawa S,Zahariev IK,Takegami N,Ishizuka-Katsura Y,Shinya N,Takagi-Niidome S,Tominaga A,Ohsawa N,Kimura-Someya T,Shirouzu M,Yokoshima S,Yokoyama S,Fukuyama T,Tomita T,Iwatsubo T

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing the structure and regeneration of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves following injury and during repair would help in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases caused by an abnormal myelin sheath. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence stain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu B,Xin W,Tan JR,Zhu RP,Li T,Wang D,Kan SS,Xiong DK,Li HH,Zhang MM,Sun HH,Wagstaff W,Zhou C,Wang ZJ,Zhang YG,He TC

更新日期：2019-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A derivative of Tn917 was constructed, referred to as Tn917-lac, which is capable of generating fusions that connect the transcripts of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal genes to the coding sequence of the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. Two independent insertions of Tn917-lac into the gltA gene and one insertion into the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perkins JB,Youngman PJ

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-17A is a therapeutic target in many autoimmune diseases. Most nonhematopoietic cells express IL-17A receptors and respond to extracellular IL-17A by inducing proinflammatory cytokines. The IL-17A signal transduction triggers two broad, TRAF6- and TRAF5-dependent, intracellular signaling pathways to produce represen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McGowan J,Peter C,Kim J,Popli S,Veerman B,Saul-McBeth J,Conti H,Pruett-Miller SM,Chattopadhyay S,Chakravarti R

更新日期：2020-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatic polyketides make up a large class of natural products with diverse bioactivity. During biosynthesis, linear poly-β-ketone intermediates are regiospecifically cyclized, yielding molecules with defined cyclization patterns that are crucial for polyketide bioactivity. The aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs) are respon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caldara-Festin G,Jackson DR,Barajas JF,Valentic TR,Patel AB,Aguilar S,Nguyen M,Vo M,Khanna A,Sasaki E,Liu HW,Tsai SC

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:TP53 (p53) is a tumor suppressor whose functions are lost or altered in most malignancies. p53 homozygous knockout (p53-/-) mice uniformly die of spontaneous malignancy, typically T-cell lymphoma. RALBP1 (RLIP76, Rlip) is a stress-protective, mercapturic acid pathway transporter protein that also functions as a Ral ef...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Awasthi S,Tompkins J,Singhal J,Riggs AD,Yadav S,Wu X,Singh S,Warden C,Liu Z,Wang J,Slavin TP,Weitzel JN,Yuan YC,Awasthi M,Srivastava SK,Awasthi YC,Singhal SS

更新日期：2018-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in BRCA1 are present in 45% of families that segregate with susceptibility for breast cancer and in 80-90% of families with both breast and ovarian cancer. Here we report that BRCA1 stimulates artificial and genomic promoter constructs containing p53-responsive elements. This activity of BRCA1 depends on the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ouchi T,Monteiro AN,August A,Aaronson SA,Hanafusa H

更新日期：1998-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Contemporary climate change is characterized both by increasing mean temperature and increasing climate variability such as heat waves, storms, and floods. How populations and communities cope with such climatic extremes is a question central to contemporary ecology and biodiversity conservation. Previous work has sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reusch TB,Ehlers A,Hämmerli A,Worm B

更新日期：2005-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has shown that the kinetoplast minicircle DNA of Leishmania species exhibits species-specific sequence divergence and this observation has led to the development of a DNA probe-based diagnostic test for leishmaniasis. In the work reported here, we demonstrate that the minicircle is composed of three type...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rogers WO,Wirth DF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that modern humans originated in sub-Saharan Africa approximately 150-200 thousand years ago (ka), but their route of dispersal across the currently hyperarid Sahara remains controversial. Given that the first modern humans north of the Sahara are found in the Levant approximately 120-90 ka, nort...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Osborne AH,Vance D,Rohling EJ,Barton N,Rogerson M,Fello N

更新日期：2008-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmids that contain synthetic genes coding for small oligoribonucleotides called external guide sequences (EGSs) have been introduced into strains of Escherichia coli harboring antibiotic resistance genes. The EGSs direct RNase P to cleave the mRNAs transcribed from these genes thereby converting the phenotype of dr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guerrier-Takada C,Salavati R,Altman S

更新日期：1997-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased clouds and precipitation normally decrease the diurnal temperature range (DTR) and thus have commonly been offered as explanation for the trend of reduced DTR observed for many land areas over the last several decades. Observations show, however, that the DTR was reduced most in dry regions and especially in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou L,Dickinson RE,Tian Y,Vose RS,Dai Y

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a phylogeny for the evolution of tRNA that is based on the ubiquity and conservation of tRNA-like structures in the replication of contemporary genomes. This phylogeny is unique in suggesting that the function of tRNA in replication dates back to the very beginnings of life on earth, before the advent of te...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maizels N,Weiner AM

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00