Abstract:
:Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) is an infection prevention strategy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by topical administration of antibiotics to the mouth and stomach to eradicate potentially pathogenic bacteria and yeast that may cause infections. It also includes a short course of intravenous antibiotics to treat incubating infections at the time of ICU admission. Several randomized, controlled studies, all performed in ICUs with low rates of antibiotic resistance, have shown that SDD prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia and improves survival. Surprisingly, SDD was also associated with lower rates of colonization with resistant gram-negative bacteria and no effect on methicillin-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Selective oral decontamination (SOD) consisting of oral antibiotics only, without systemic antibiotics or antibiotics given in the stomach, may also increase survival. In areas with low prevalence of MRSA and VRE, SDD should be considered the standard of care in ICUs. In countries where colonization with MRSA and VRE is frequent, resistance may increase, and SDD should be considered experimental therapy. Future research should focus on the effects of SDD compared with SOD on resistance and on SDD-like strategies in areas where MRSA and VRE are endemic.
journal_name
Semin Respir Crit Care Medjournal_title
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicineauthors
van Essen EH,de Jonge Edoi
10.1055/s-0031-1275536subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-04-01 00:00:00pages
236-42issue
2eissn
1069-3424issn
1098-9048journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Paracoccidioidomycosis (formerly known as South American blastomycosis) is produced by the thermally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Most often this mycosis runs a chronic progressive course affecting preferentially the lungs followed by the skin, mucous membranes, adrenals, and reticuloendothelial org...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1063857
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) represents one histologic subtype of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). NSIP is typified by temporal homogeneity and less profusion of fibroblastic foci than is seen with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), the most common IIP. Clinically patients with NSIP present with ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-17385
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most commonly isolated nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory pathogen worldwide. MAC lung disease is manifested either by fibrocavitary radiographic changes similar to pulmonary tuberculosis or by bronchiectasis with nodular and reticulonodular radiographic changes. This lat...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660472
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1719037
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer associated with asbestos exposure and portends a dismal prognosis. Its worldwide incidence has been increasing, and treatment options are currently suboptimal and noncurative. However, since the turn of the century, several encouraging steps have been made toward improvi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693406
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is a complex disorder commonly associated with other conditions such as connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and environmental exposures. Although idiopathic NSIP has been recognized as a separate clinical entity, recent studies have suggested that a proportion of these cases hav...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1708499
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs worldwide. Although there exist some heterogeneity between patients, the course of COPD is characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations, which are among the most common causes of medical adm...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1714396
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a unique syndrome of airway inflammation that frequently occurs in patients with nasal polyposis, chronic sinusitis, and asthma. These patients tend to have progressive and recalcitrant sinus disease requiring frequent surgical intervention and in many cases systemic c...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1325618
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computed tomography (CT) is the core imaging modality for the evaluation of thoracic disorders. With the recently developed dual-energy CT (DECT) technique, the clinical utility of CT in the management of pulmonary diseases can be expanded. The most actively investigated principle of dual energy is material decomposit...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1363452
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13839
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coccidioidomycosis manifests as a variety of clinical manifestations and ranges in severity from asymptomatic exposure with resultant immunity to reinfection, to fulminant, and life-threatening disseminated disease. Primary coccidioidal pneumonia represents the most common clinical form of infection, and the incidence...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1562900
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the most frequent health care associated invasive fungal infection. It is also associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. The most frequent etiologic agent is Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are increasing and associated with reduced antifungal susceptibility and outbr...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1701215
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970331
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) has been a primary focus for gene therapy of lung diseases because the genetic cause is known and the airway epithelium is accessible for direct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) delivery. Soon after the mutated gene was identified in 1989, investigators demonstrated that transfer of a normal copy of th...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-815670
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematologic factors, in particular platelets and the coagulation system, play an important role in the pathogenesis of organ failure in the intensive care unit. Failure of these hematologic systems is common in intensive care patients and may range from isolated thrombocytopenia or prolonged global clotting tests to c...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287873
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pandemics of influenza have been reported since the early sixteenth century. Recent pandemics include the Spanish flu (H1N1) from 1918 to 1920 (resulting in approximately 50 million deaths worldwide); the Asian flu (H2N2) from 1957 to 1958 (resulting in more than 1 million deaths); the Hong Kong flu (H3N2) from 1968 t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-976488
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a distinct histological lesion observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) but can be found in other etiologies. The diagnosis of UIP can be established by surgical lung biopsy or by high-resolution thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans (provided the radiographic featur...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-957335
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease, characterized by symmetric joint involvement, but it can also affect other organ systems, including the lungs. The better-known pulmonary manifestations of RA are interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid nodules, and pleural effusions. Less common manifestations include br...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-985664
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive fungal infections, especially candidemia and systemic candidiasis, have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the last few decades. This comes in parallel with the major advances made in intensive care. Patients who are critically ill, in medical or surgical ICUs are especially at risk for CANDID...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1246289
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human Herpesviridae family consists of eight members: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, -2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8 (HHV-6, -7, -8). Lifelong latency may develop in the host with reactivation during periods of relative imm...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1283285
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-13187
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-869542
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to familiarize a broad range of medical professionals with a relatively new and growing problem of infections caused by mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. There are at least 60 mycobacterial species that have been identified as causative agents of diseases in humans. T...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-829501
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For treatment of sarcoidosis, one should develop a long-term management plan. Factors to be considered include the organ involvement and severity of symptoms. Different organ manifestations may require different treatments. Intensity of treatment is usually based on severity of disease or potential for organ failure o...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376401
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among immunocompromised individuals, members of the human Herpesviridae family are frequently encountered pathogens. Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6, -7, and -8 all establish latency after infection and can reactivate during periods of ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584793
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit (NICU) may have respiratory compromise from either central or peripheral neurological pathology, and may hence require intubation and mechanical ventilation for very diverse reasons. Liberation from invasive ventilation, that is, extubation, at the earliest pos...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608773
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) is now more common in adults than children in countries with well-developed health care systems. The number of adults continues to increase and will further increase if the new cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are disease modifying. Most of the complex morbidit...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400289
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterial infections have caused enormous morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of these, the most devastating has been tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death among HIV-positive persons globally. TB has killed more people living with HIV than any other i...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1572559
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews recent developments in the selection, assessment, and management of the potential lung donor, which aim to increase donor organ use. The scarcity of suitable donor organs continues to limit lung transplantation, but the situation is changing. An expanded donor pool, including the now widespread us...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1348464
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 3 decades, antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), has escalated dramatically worldwide. In the late 1970s, strains of pneumococci displaying resistance to penicillin were described in South Africa and Spain. By the early 1990s...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1202939
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00