Abstract:
:B-RAF is the most frequently mutated protein kinase in human cancers. The finding that oncogenic mutations in BRAF are common in melanoma, followed by the demonstration that these tumours are dependent on the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, offered hope that inhibition of B-RAF kinase activity could benefit melanoma patients. Herein, we describe the structure-guided discovery of PLX4032 (RG7204), a potent inhibitor of oncogenic B-RAF kinase activity. Preclinical experiments demonstrated that PLX4032 selectively blocked the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in BRAF mutant cells and caused regression of BRAF mutant xenografts. Toxicology studies confirmed a wide safety margin consistent with the high degree of selectivity, enabling Phase 1 clinical trials using a crystalline formulation of PLX4032 (ref. 5). In a subset of melanoma patients, pathway inhibition was monitored in paired biopsy specimens collected before treatment initiation and following two weeks of treatment. This analysis revealed substantial inhibition of ERK phosphorylation, yet clinical evaluation did not show tumour regressions. At higher drug exposures afforded by a new amorphous drug formulation, greater than 80% inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in the tumours of patients correlated with clinical response. Indeed, the Phase 1 clinical data revealed a remarkably high 81% response rate in metastatic melanoma patients treated at an oral dose of 960 mg twice daily. These data demonstrate that BRAF-mutant melanomas are highly dependent on B-RAF kinase activity.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Bollag G,Hirth P,Tsai J,Zhang J,Ibrahim PN,Cho H,Spevak W,Zhang C,Zhang Y,Habets G,Burton EA,Wong B,Tsang G,West BL,Powell B,Shellooe R,Marimuthu A,Nguyen H,Zhang KY,Artis DR,Schlessinger J,Su F,Higgins B,Iydoi
10.1038/nature09454subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-30 00:00:00pages
596-9issue
7315eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature09454journal_volume
467pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efforts to control it are hampered by difficulties with diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Most people infected with M. tuberculosis remain asymptomatic, termed latent TB, with a 10% lifetim...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09247
更新日期:2010-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck is physically associated with CD4 and CD8 T-cell surface molecules, suggesting that it may transduce CD4/CD8-triggered tyrosine phosphorylation signals during antigen stimulation. Indeed, antibody-mediated aggregation of CD4 (to mimic interaction with its ligand, majo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/350062a0
更新日期:1991-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::The overexpression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells results in their reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The extremely low efficiency and slow kinetics of in vitro reprogramming suggest that further rare events are required to generate iPS cells. The nature and identity of these e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08285
更新日期:2009-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB) are seen in teeth that are composed of crossed sets of enamel prisms. They are present in the teeth of man and many other mammals, but absent in most insectivores and multituberculates. It has been suggested that the presence of HSB makes the tooth enamel less likely to split and is associa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/328150a0
更新日期:1987-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate a repertoire of immune responses that bring about resistance to infection and silencing or tolerance to self. In the settings of infection and cancer, microbes and tumours can exploit DCs to evade immunity, but DCs also can generate resistance, a capacity that is readily enhanced with...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature06175
更新日期:2007-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::The recognition and localization of sound signals is fundamental to acoustic communication. Complex neural mechanisms are thought to underlie the processing of species-specific sound patterns even in animals with simple auditory pathways. In female crickets, which orient towards the male's calling song, current models...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02787
更新日期:2004-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::With the current shortage in fetal bovine serum, researchers are turning to a variety of options for cell and tissue culture. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/334547a0
更新日期:1988-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::The germ-cell lineage ensures the continuity of life through the generation of male and female gametes, which unite to form a totipotent zygote. We have previously demonstrated that, by using cytokines, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced into epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) and then in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12417
更新日期:2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Visual working memory provides an essential link between perception and higher cognitive functions, allowing for the active maintenance of information about stimuli no longer in view. Research suggests that sustained activity in higher-order prefrontal, parietal, inferotemporal and lateral occipital areas supports vis...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07832
更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::53BP1 governs a specialized, context-specific branch of the classical non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Mice lacking 53bp1 (also known as Trp53bp1) are immunodeficient owing to a complete loss of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination1,2, and reduced fidelity of long-range V(D)J rec...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0362-1
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune defence of multicellular organisms against microbial pathogens requires cellular collaboration. Information exchange allowing immune cells to collaborate is generally attributed to soluble protein factors secreted by pathogen-sensing cells. Cytokines, such as type I interferons (IFNs), serve to alert...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12640
更新日期:2013-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::It is not yet clear whether humans are able to learn while they are sleeping. Here we show that full-term human newborns can be taught to discriminate between similar vowel sounds when they are fast asleep. It is possible that such sleep training soon after birth could find application in clinical or educational situa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/415599b
更新日期:2002-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::What is it that defines an animal? The definition provided here, made on the basis of developmental biology, suggests methods for resolving phylogenetic problems. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/361490a0
更新日期:1993-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Nearly all protocols requiring shared quantum information--such as quantum teleportation or key distribution--rely on entanglement between distant parties. However, entanglement is difficult to characterize experimentally. All existing techniques for doing so, including entanglement witnesses or Bell inequalities, dis...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04627
更新日期:2006-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of electron pairs is essential to superconductivity. For conventional superconductors, tunnelling spectroscopy has established that pairing is mediated by bosonic modes (phonons); a peak in the second derivative of tunnel current d2I/dV2 corresponds to each phonon mode. For high-transition-temperature (high-...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04973
更新日期:2006-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Aneuploidy, referring here to genome contents characterized by abnormal numbers of chromosomes, has been associated with developmental defects, cancer and adaptive evolution in experimental organisms. However, it remains unresolved how aneuploidy impacts gene expression and whether aneuploidy could directly bring abou...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09529
更新日期:2010-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Electron transfer reactions are essential for life because they underpin oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis, processes leading to the generation of ATP, and are involved in many reactions of intermediary metabolism. Key to these roles is the formation of transient inter-protein electron transfer complexes. T...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11996
更新日期:2013-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Transposable elements from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are discrete DNA segments bounded by inverted or directly repeated sequences that insert into non-homologous DNA in a reaction that is independent of the general recombination functions of the host. The mechanisms proposed generally involve a staggered do...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/307292a0
更新日期:1984-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::The Philadelphia chromosome, a chromosomal abnormality that encodes BCR-ABL1, is the defining lesion of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). To define oncogenic lesions that cooperate with BCR-ABL1 to induce ALL, we performed a genome-wide analysis of diagnostic leuk...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06866
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symbolic arithmetic is fundamental to science, technology and economics, but its acquisition by children typically requires years of effort, instruction and drill. When adults perform mental arithmetic, they activate nonsymbolic, approximate number representations, and their performance suffers if this nonsymbolic sys...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05850
更新日期:2007-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Topological insulators-materials that are insulating in the bulk but allow electrons to flow on their surface-are striking examples of materials in which topological invariants are manifested in robustness against perturbations such as defects and disorder1. Their most prominent feature is the emergence of edge states...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0601-5
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sunlight and by leading to smaller but more numerous cloud droplets, which makes clouds brighter and extends their lifetimes. At...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12663
更新日期:2013-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is well established that family members resemble each other in intelligence , the extent to which this results from either shared genes or a shared environment remains controversial, perhaps especially since the relevant evidence presented by Burt has been shown probably to have been fabricated. The influe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/309620a0
更新日期:1984-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::There seems a real prospect that one of the infectious scourges of the past half century will not persist much beyond the present century, but polio will be only the second infection of human beings to be eradicated. Many more remain. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/374663a0
更新日期:1995-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::When we reach towards an object that suddenly appears in our peripheral visual field, not only does our arm extend towards the object, but our eyes, head and body also move in such a way that the image of the object falls on the fovea. Popular models of how reaching movements are programmed have argued that while the ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/320748a0
更新日期:1986-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian clock imposes daily rhythms in cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and DNA damage response. Perturbations of these processes are hallmarks of cancer and chronic circadian rhythm disruption predisposes individuals to tumour development. This raises the hypothesis that pharmacological modulation o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25170
更新日期:2018-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::The balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by intrinsic factors and niche signals. In the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, some intrinsic factors promote germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal, whereas others stimulate differentiation. However, it remains poorly understood how the balanc...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13562
更新日期:2014-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::The dispersal of early humans from Africa by 1.75 Myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of Flores in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west. This range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and Mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees N. Until ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09117
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Every cancer originates from a single cell. During expansion of the neoplastic cell population, individual cells acquire genetic and phenotypic differences from each other. Here, to investigate the nature and extent of intra-tumour diversification, we characterized organoids derived from multiple single cells from thr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0024-3
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heritable epigenetic polymorphisms, such as differential cytosine methylation, can underlie phenotypic variation. Moreover, wild strains of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana differ in many epialleles, and these can influence the expression of nearby genes. However, to understand their role in evolution, it is imperative ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10555
更新日期:2011-09-20 00:00:00