Abstract：
:Pain is a conscious experience, crucial for survival. To investigate the neural basis of pain perception in humans, a large number of investigators apply noxious stimuli to the body of volunteers while sampling brain activity using different functional neuroimaging techniques. These responses have been shown to originate from an extensive network of brain regions, which has been christened the Pain Matrix and is often considered to represent a unique cerebral signature for pain perception. As a consequence, the Pain Matrix is often used to understand the neural mechanisms of pain in health and disease. Because the interpretation of a great number of experimental studies relies on the assumption that the brain responses elicited by nociceptive stimuli reflect the activity of a cortical network that is at least partially specific for pain, it appears crucial to ascertain whether this notion is supported by unequivocal experimental evidence. Here, we will review the original concept of the "Neuromatrix" as it was initially proposed by Melzack and its subsequent transformation into a pain-specific matrix. Through a critical discussion of the evidence in favor and against this concept of pain specificity, we show that the fraction of the neuronal activity measured using currently available macroscopic functional neuroimaging techniques (e.g., EEG, MEG, fMRI, PET) in response to transient nociceptive stimulation is likely to be largely unspecific for nociception.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Iannetti GD,Mouraux Adoi
10.1007/s00221-010-2340-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
1-12issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
205pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:It has previously been shown that unilateral ablation of the whole auditory cortex in the cat disrupts the precedence effect, and also interferes with the ability of the normal animal to discriminate in the Y-maze between a single sound on one side and a double sound consisting of a signal on both left and right sides...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237601
更新日期：1978-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Observation of hand movements has been repeatedly demonstrated to increase the excitability of the motor cortical representation of the hand. Little attention, however, has been devoted to its effect on somatosensory processing. Movement execution is well known to decrease somatosensory cortical excitability, a phenom...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2448-3
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microinjections of D,L homocysteic acid (DLH, 40 nmoles) made in the lateral PAG of the unanesthetized and paralyzed decerebrate cat evoked distinct patterns of extracranial and hindlimb blood flow. One pattern, evoked from the pretentorial part of the lateral PAG (A3.3-A2.5), consisted of an extracranial vasodilation...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230972
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 15 musicians, cortical DC-potentials were recorded from the scalp before and during the execution of bimanual motor sequences. Subjects (Ss) either tapped with their two index fingers in synchrony (quavers against quavers; "2 against 2") or they tapped quavers against triplets ("2 against 3"). Either the right or t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229320
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Light microscopic autoradiography and electron microscopy were used to trace the nigrothalamic projections and to study the sites of termination of this pathway in the cat. Injections of tritiated amino acids or electrolytic lesions were placed in the substantia nigra pars reticularis (SNr). An accumulation of radioac...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235569
更新日期：1978-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Single unit activity was recorded from tuberoinfundibular neurones in urethane-anaesthetized pro-oestrous rats. Responses following single shock (0.2 Hz) stimulation of the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) or nucleus accumbens (ACB) were recorded and computed for 137 single units. More cells were shown, by ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236546
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The somatic location and axonal projections of inhibitory vestibular nucleus neurons activated by the horizontal semicircular canal nerve (HCN) were studied in anesthetized cats. Cats were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride and pentobarbital sodium. 2. Intracellular recordings were obtained from 11 neck exten...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231035
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Goal-directed movements are commonly used to allow humans to interact with their environment. When making a goal-directed movement in a natural environment, there are many competing stimuli. It is therefore important to understand how making a goal-directed movement could be impacted by the need to divide attention be...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-3880-6
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficits in postural control are one of the hallmarks of disability in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Yet, much remains unknown regarding the etiology of postural deficits in these children. Here we evaluated postural control at a simplified task level by measuring head stability during quiet sitting while systema...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2001-4
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many previous studies have demonstrated the existence of neurons with tremor-frequency activity ("tremor cells") in the thalamus of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and these neurons are presumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of tremor. Since a major input to motor thalamus (Voa and Vop) is from the internal seg...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005606
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acquisition of co-ordination between posture and movement was investigated in human subjects performing a load lifting task. Sitting subjects held their left (postural) forearm in a horizontal position while supporting a 1 kg load via an electromagnet. Perturbation of the postural forearm position consisted of the...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00274991
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Absolute refractory periods of a subpopulation of corticomedial amygdala (CMA) neurones which project to the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic junction (MPH) via the stria terminalis were recorded in the female rat. Previous experiments have shown that this sub-population of CMA neurones is testosterone-sensitive ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236571
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biceps femoris (BF) muscle is divided into three neuromuscular compartments defined by the innervation patterns of the main nerve branches (English and Weeks 1987). The goals of this study were i) to determine how different regions of the biceps femoris muscle are activated in the intact cat during a broad range o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229406
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of redox reagents on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses as well as on the bidrectional plasticity of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic responses were studied in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. The o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02450332
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experiment using reciprocal arm and wrist aiming movements with an amplitude of 16(o) and target width of .5° (ID = 6) was conducted to determine the impact of adding external loads. We predicted that wrist and arm performance may be differentially impacted by the added mass. Participants were asked to flex/extend ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3303-5
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single unit activity was recorded in the striate cortex of vision-deprived cats aged between 3 and 8 weeks. Contrast sensitivity or response measurements made using moving sinusoidal gratings were used to construct spatial frequency tuning curves. At 3 weeks sensitivity, selectivity (assessed both as the narrowness of...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235273
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin reveals ineffective (subthreshold) pathways from the C2 lateral funiculus to ipsilateral phrenic motoneurons in spinalized rats. The objective of the present study was to investigate serotonergic modulation of crossed-spinal pathways to contralateral phrenic motoneurons. Rats (n = 10) were anesthetized (uret...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00243214
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic changes of deficits in canal and otolith vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) to high acceleration, eccentric yaw rotations were investigated in five subjects aged 25-65 years before and at frequent intervals 3-451 days following unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) due to labyrinthectomy or vestibular neur...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0761-7
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful results obtained by training sessions using optokinetic (OK) stimulations in order to rehabilitate patients with balance disorders motivated this study. The purpose of the study was to measure eye movement parameters and body stabilization during OK stimulation before and after the rehabilitation program. T...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00232446
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of both kinesthetic and auditory feedback for control of voice fundamental frequency (F0). In the present study, a possible interaction between auditory feedback and kinesthetic feedback for control of voice F0 was tested by administering local anesthetic to the vocal ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1330-z
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How the CNS deals with the issue of motor redundancy remains a central question for motor control research. Here we investigate the means by which neuromuscular and biomechanical factors interact to resolve motor redundancy in rhythmic multijoint arm movements. We used a two-df motorized robot arm to manipulate the dy...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1437-2
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of altered gravitational forces (AGF) on the development of the static vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were investigated in Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to hypergravity (1.4g; 3g) or microgravity conditions (German spacelab mission D-2) for 9-10 days. The effects of light conditions during development wer...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227640
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the asymmetric gait induced by unilateral spinal cord injury in chicks with asymmetric gaits of other bipeds and quadrupeds. After lateral hemisection of the left thoracic spinal cord, kinetic (ground reaction forces) and kinematic (distance and timing) data were recorded as ch...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050515
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The latency of eye movements is influenced by the fixation task; when the fixation stimulus is switched off before the target presentation (gap paradigm) the latency becomes short and express movements occur. In contrast, when the fixation stimulus remains on when the target appears (overlap paradigm), eye movement la...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2214-0
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examined whether the amount and location of available movement information influenced the stability of visuomotor coordination. Participants coordinated a handheld pendulum with an oscillating visual stimulus in an inphase and antiphase manner. The effects of occluding different amounts of phase at d...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1982-3
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:EMG responses, vertical and A-P shear forces and kinematics of "automatic postural responses" to unexpected translational perturbations in the headward and tailward directions were studied in cats. Muscles acting on the major joints of the forelimbs and hindlimbs were studied. Movement of the animals in response to pe...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238231
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transparency is perceived when two or more objects or surfaces can be separated by the visual system whilst they are presented in the same region of the visual field at the same time. This segmentation of distinct entities on the basis of overlapping local visual cues poses an interesting challenge for the understandi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3631-0
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human observers can detect combinations of multisensory signals faster than each of the corresponding signals presented separately. In simple detection tasks, this facilitation in response times may reflect an enhancement in the perceptual processing stage or/and in the motor response stage. The current study compared...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1410-0
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two superimposed gratings, which differ in orientation and move independently, combine into a coherently moving plaid if the component gratings are similar. The effect on the plaid motion percept of the addition of texture to each grating was investigated. The texture disambiguates the motion of each component grating...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228400
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single joint displacement on the pattern of leg muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during locomotion. For the first time, unilateral rotational hip or knee joint displacements were applied by a driven orthotic device at three phases of swing during locomotion...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-1904-3
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
