Abstract：
:Obtaining accurate estimates of the genetic covariance matrix Sigma(G) for multivariate data is a fundamental task in quantitative genetics and important for both evolutionary biologists and plant or animal breeders. Classical methods for estimating Sigma(G) are well known to suffer from substantial sampling errors; importantly, its leading eigenvalues are systematically overestimated. This article proposes a framework that exploits information in the phenotypic covariance matrix Sigma(P) in a new way to obtain more accurate estimates of Sigma(G). The approach focuses on the "canonical heritabilities" (the eigenvalues of Sigma(P)(-1)Sigma(G)), which may be estimated with more precision than those of Sigma(G) because Sigma(P) is estimated more accurately. Our method uses penalized maximum likelihood and shrinkage to reduce bias in estimates of the canonical heritabilities. This in turn can be exploited to get substantial reductions in bias for estimates of the eigenvalues of Sigma(G) and a reduction in sampling errors for estimates of Sigma(G). Simulations show that improvements are greatest when sample sizes are small and the canonical heritabilities are closely spaced. An application to data from beef cattle demonstrates the efficacy this approach and the effect on estimates of heritabilities and correlations. Penalized estimation is recommended for multivariate analyses involving more than a few traits or problems with limited data.
journal_name
Geneticsjournal_title
Geneticsauthors
Meyer K,Kirkpatrick Mdoi
10.1534/genetics.109.113381subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
1097-110issue
3eissn
0016-6731issn
1943-2631pii
genetics.109.113381journal_volume
185pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GENETICS文献大全abstract：:Previous genetic analysis has shown that dos/soc-1/Gab1 functions positively in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-stimulated Ras/Map kinase signaling through the recruitment of csw/ptp-2/Shp2. Using sensitized assays in Caenorhabditis elegans for let-23/Egfr and daf-2/InsR (insulin receptor-like) signaling, it is shown t...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.106.055822
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to examine the mechanisms of mutagenesis by a bulky DNA lesion at the guanine N7 position, the replicative form DNA of phage M13AB28 (mp8 without the amber codons in phage genes) was modified in vitro with aflatoxin B1-2,3-dichloride and transfected into appropriate Escherichia coli cells. Forward mutations i...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied a genome-wide set of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequency measures for African-American, East Asian, and European-American samples. For this analysis we derived a simple, closed mathematical formulation for the spectrum of expected allele frequencies when the sampled populations have e...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.166.1.351
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial intrastrain variation at the nucleotide level complicates molecular and genetic studies in zebrafish, such as the use of CRISPRs or morpholinos to inactivate genes. In the absence of robust inbred zebrafish lines, we generated NHGRI-1, a healthy and fecund strain derived from founder parents we sequenced t...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.114.166769
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve mutations affecting nuclear migration, a major developmental phase in Schizophyllum commune, display a complex pattern of complementation and recombination. They are expressed only when a genetic factor controlling this phase of development, the B incompatibility factor, is operative. All twelve mutations are l...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila melanogaster Gld gene has multiple and diverse developmental and physiological functions. We report herein that interactions among proximal promoter elements and a cluster of intronically located enhancers and silencers specify the complex regulation of Gld that underlies its diverse functions. Gld expr...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most species of the Drosophila genus and other Diptera are polymorphic for paracentric inversions. A common observation is that successful inversions are of intermediate size. We test here the hypothesis that the selected property is the recombination length of inversions, not their physical length. If so, physical le...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brassica carinata, an allotetraploid with B and C genomes, has a number of traits that would be valuable to introgress into B. napus. Interspecific hybrids were created between B. carinata (BBCC) and B. napus (AACC), using an advanced backcross approach to identify and introgress traits of agronomic interest from the ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.110.124925
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dna2 is a nuclease and helicase that functions redundantly with other proteins in Okazaki fragment processing, double-strand break resection, and checkpoint kinase activation. Dna2 is an essential enzyme, required for yeast and mammalian cell viability. Here, we report that numerous mutations affecting the DNA damage ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.118.300809
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two strains of Drosophila melanogaster derived from different geographical localities were subjected to selection for fast and slow developmental rate. Four enzyme polymorphisms were monitored for their response to such selection. Significant changes in allele frequencies were effected for the alphaGpdh and 6Pgd polym...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetically marked P elements inserted into the subtelomeric satellites of Drosophila show repression and variegation of the reporter gene. One such white+ reporter, inserted between the subtelomeric satellite and the terminal HeT-A array in the left arm of chromosome 2 (2L), is sensitive to its context; changes in th...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While evolution of coding sequences has been intensively studied, diversification of noncoding regulatory regions remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular evolution of an enhancer region located 5 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the maize pericarp color1 (p1) gene. The p1 ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.105.053942
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactions with bacteria play a major role in immune responses, ecology, and evolution of all animals, but they have been neglected until recently in the case of C. elegans. We report a genetic investigation of the interaction of C. elegans with the nematode-specific pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum, which colon...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.105.045716
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell diversity in multicellular organisms relies on coordination between cell proliferation and the acquisition of cell identity. The equilibrium between these two processes is essential to assure the correct number of determined cells at a given time at a given place. Using genetic approaches and correlative microsco...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.119.302234
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper levels of gene expression are important for normal mammalian development. Typically, altered gene dosage caused by karyotypic abnormalities results in embryonic lethality or birth defects. Segmental aneuploidy can be compatible with life but often results in contiguous gene syndromes. The ability to manipulate ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural selection favors alleles that increase the number of offspring produced by their carriers. But in a world that is inherently uncertain within generations, selection also favors alleles that reduce the variance in the number of offspring produced. If previous studies have established this principle, they have l...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.113.156067
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of the complete DNA sequence of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome and advanced computational biology tools has allowed elucidation and study of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system in this unicellular photosynthetic alga and model eukaryotic cell system. SUMO is a member of a ubiquitin-l...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.108.089128
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We reported previously that the product of the DNA damage-inducible gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DIN7, belongs to a family of proteins that are involved in DNA repair and replication. The family includes S. cerevisiae proteins Rad2p and its human homolog XPGC, Rad27p and its mammalian homolog FEN-1, and Exonuclea...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genetics of phenotypic variation in inbred mice has for nearly a century provided a primary weapon in the medical research arsenal. A catalog of the genetic variation among inbred mouse strains, however, is required to enable powerful positional cloning and association techniques. A recent whole-genome resequencin...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.110.115014
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pairwise linkage disequilibrium values (D) were estimated for 14 allozyme loci in two natural populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia). Maternal multilocus genotypes were inferred from samples of (haploid) megagametophytic seed-endosperms. Coupling/repulsion double heterozygotes were distinguished...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), the maternally inherited failure to produce functional pollen, has been used in the breeding of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). At least three different sources of CMS can be distinguished from one another as well as from normal fertile cytoplasm by polymorphisms in their mi...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.076380
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We study the mechanisms that guide the formation and maintenance of the highly ordered actin-myosin cytoskeleton in striated muscle. The UNC-82 kinase of Caenorhabditis elegans is orthologous to mammalian kinases ARK5/NUAK1 and SNARK/NUAK2. UNC-82 localizes to the M-line, and is required for proper organization of thi...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.116.193029
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS), which assumes overdominant loci to be important, alters two genetically different populations to improve their crossbred mean. Individual plants from two populations (A and B) are selfed and also crossed with plants from the reciprocal female tester population (B and A, respective...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sex-ratio trait described in several Drosophila species is a type of naturally occurring X-linked meiotic drive that causes males bearing a sex-ratio X chromosome to produce progenies with a large excess of females. We have previously reported the occurrence of sex-ratio X chromosomes in Drosophila simulans. In th...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contribution of epigenetic alterations to natural variation for gene transcription levels remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the functional targets of the maize chromomethylase ZMET2 in multiple inbred lines to determine whether epigenetic changes conditioned by this chromomethylase are conserved or v...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.107.072702
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Likelihood-based parentage inference depends on the distribution of a likelihood-ratio statistic, which, in most cases of interest, cannot be exactly determined, but only approximated by Monte Carlo simulation. We provide importance-sampling algorithms for efficiently approximating very small tail probabilities in the...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.105.048074
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a two-layer hidden Markov model to detect the structure of haplotypes for unrelated individuals. This allows us to model two scales of linkage disequilibrium (one within a group of haplotypes and one between groups), thereby taking advantage of rich haplotype information to infer local ancestry of admixed i...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.113.160697
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:mod(mdg4), also known as E(var)3-93D, is involved in a variety of processes, such as gene silencing in position effect variegation (PEV), the control of gypsy insulator sequences, regulation of homeotic gene expression, and programmed cell death. We have isolated a large number of mod(mdg4) cDNAs, representing 21 diff...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considering a random mating population of finite size, the variance of the number of loci having a given gene frequency was derived under the assumption of a steady flux of mutations. The variance of average heterozygosity among populations was also derived under the same assumption. It was shown that these variances ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have genetically analyzed, cloned and physically mapped the modified cytosine-specific restriction determinants mcrA (rglA) and mcrB (rglB) of Escherichia coli K-12. The independently discovered Rgl and Mcr restriction systems are shown to be identical by three criteria: 1) mutants with the RglA- or RglB- phenotype...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
