Abstract:
:Prions are proteins that access self-templating amyloid forms, which confer phenotypic changes that can spread from individual to individual within or between species. These infectious phenotypes can be beneficial, as with yeast prions, or deleterious, as with mammalian prions that transmit spongiform encephalopathies. However, the ability to form self-templating amyloid is not unique to prion proteins. Diverse polypeptides that tend to populate intrinsically unfolded states also form self-templating amyloid conformers that are associated with devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, two RNA-binding proteins, FUS and TDP-43, which form cytoplasmic aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, harbor a 'prion domain' similar to those found in several yeast prion proteins. Can these proteins and the neurodegenerative diseases to which they are linked become 'infectious' too? Here, we highlight advances that define the transmissibility of amyloid forms connected with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Collectively, these findings suggest that amyloid conformers can spread from cell to cell within the brains of afflicted individuals, thereby spreading the specific neurodegenerative phenotypes distinctive to the protein being converted to amyloid. Importantly, this transmissibility mandates a re-evaluation of emerging neuronal graft and stem-cell therapies. In this Commentary, we suggest how these treatments might be optimized to overcome the transmissible conformers that confer neurodegeneration.
journal_name
J Cell Scijournal_title
Journal of cell scienceauthors
Cushman M,Johnson BS,King OD,Gitler AD,Shorter Jdoi
10.1242/jcs.051672subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-04-15 00:00:00pages
1191-201issue
Pt 8eissn
0021-9533issn
1477-9137pii
123/8/1191journal_volume
123pub_type
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journal_title:Journal of cell science
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journal_title:Journal of cell science
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journal_title:Journal of cell science
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journal_title:Journal of cell science
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doi:
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journal_title:Journal of cell science
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