Abstract:
:The vast majority of thrombin (>95%) is generated after clotting is completed, suggesting that thrombin formation serves purposes beyond coagulation, such as tissue repair after vessel injury. Two types of vascular thrombin binding sites exist: protease-activated receptors (PARs) and thrombomodulin (TM). Their expression is low in contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), the dominating subendothelial cell population, but becomes markedly up-regulated upon injury. In human SMC, PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4 mediate thrombin-induced proliferation, migration and matrix biosynthesis as well as generation of inflammatory and growth-promoting mediators. Thrombin-responsive PARs are transcriptionally down-regulated in human vascular SMC by vasodilatory prostaglandins (PGI2/PGE2). For PAR-1 and PAR-3 this mechanism involves cAMP-dependent inactivation of the transcription factor NFAT. The human PAR-4 promoter does not possess NFAT recognition motifs suggesting involvement of other cAMP-regulated effectors. Unlike PARs, TM is induced in SMC exposed to vasodilatory prostaglandins. Enhanced thrombin binding to TM might ameliorate PAR-mediated SMC stimulation. Also expressed in human SMC is the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), which serves as an anchor to facilitate generation of activated protein C (aPC) by TM-bound thrombin. Whether prostaglandins affect aPC-generation is not known. In SMC, thrombin and aPC act synergistically via PAR-1 to modify tissue remodelling, in contrast to their antagonistic interaction in the coagulation pathways. Overall, this will contribute to plaque stability and wound healing. The processes outlined here are likely to become clinically relevant after up-regulation of vascular cyclooxygenase2, the rate limiting step in vascular PGE2/PGI2 biosynthesis, such as in advanced atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes.
journal_name
Thromb Haemostjournal_title
Thrombosis and haemostasisauthors
Schrör K,Bretschneider E,Fischer K,Fischer JW,Pape R,Rauch BH,Rosenkranz AC,Weber AAdoi
10.1160/TH09-09-0627subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
884-90issue
5eissn
0340-6245issn
2567-689Xpii
09-09-0627journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::It is now recognised that acute myocardial infarction results from the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Lymphocytes and macrophages, which infiltrate rupture sites, contribute to plaque degradation by expressing urokinase (u-PA) bound to cell membrane by urokinase receptor (u-PAR) and by secreting metalloproteinase...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clotting factor VIII (fVIII)-inhibitory antibodies represent a major problem in the treatment of haemophilia A. To understand the inactivation mechanisms and to pave the way towards modifications of recombinant clotting factors that reduce their immunogenicity, the exact localization of immunodominant epitopes is requ...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH03-07-0473
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue thromboplastin apoprotein was partially purified from human brain. The apoprotein was recombined with mixed phospholipids to yield active thromboplastin. The recombined thromboplastin induced proteolytic activation of isolated human factor IX in the presence of factor VII and Ca2+. The clotting times of various...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::There are conflicting views on the effects of age, gene source and familial severity on levels of factor VIII in carriers of haemophilia. Different workers have found that factor VIII increases with age, is higher in paternal carriers, and is higher in carriers from families with more severe haemophilia. Other workers...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-10-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1160/TH03-06-0374
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-04-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1160/th07-01-0066
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1657077
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH13-01-0004
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH11-06-0382
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1160/TH14-06-0563
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH05-03-0158
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-10-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH13-08-0632
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1676818
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk of venous thromboembolism and coronary artery disease despite having a lower burden of traditional risk factors. Platelets from IBD patients release more soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L), and this has been implicated in IBD platelet hyper-activation. We here...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH16-02-0167
更新日期:2016-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Activated protein C (APC) is a serine proteinase that regulates blood coagulation. In plasma it is inhibited mainly by the protein C inhibitor (PCI). The plasma concentrations of APC-PCI complex is increased in hypercoagulative states such as deep venous thrombosis. Formation of the APC-PCI complex induces a drastic c...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular matrix-modifying enzyme that seems to play a critical role in vascular remodelling. However, the lack of viable LOX-deficient animal models has been an obstacle to deep in LOX biology. In this study we have developed a transgenic mouse model that over-expresses LOX in vascular s...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1160/TH14-01-0024
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Dimer measurements are being increasingly used for negative prediction of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). At our institution, clinical score, D-Dimer assay, plethysmography and, if necessary, Doppler ultrasound are used to secure the diagnosis. We collected the data from 100 consecutive patients proven to have DVT. We e...
journal_title:Thrombosis and haemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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