Abstract:
PURPOSE:The lipid layer of the tear film forms a barrier to evaporation. Evaporation is a major cause of tear thinning between blinks and tear breakup. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between tear film thinning and lipid layer thickness before and after instillation of an emulsion eye drop. METHODS:Fifty non-contact lens wearers were studied. Spectral interferometry was used to measure the thinning rate of the precorneal tear film for up to 19 seconds after a blink. Simultaneously, lipid layer thickness was measured based on an absolute reflectance spectrum. After a 2-minute recovery, the measurement was repeated. A drop of the lipid emulsion was then instilled; 15 minutes later, two interferometry measurements were performed similarly. RESULTS:A histogram of thinning rates was fitted by a bimodal distribution with narrow and broad peaks corresponding to slow and rapid thinning, respectively. The correlation between repeated thinning rate measurements was modest, but repeatability was considerably more significant when analyzed in terms of the slow/rapid dichotomy. Similarly, the correlation between thinning rate and lipid thickness was modest but was more evident when analyzed in terms of the slow/rapid dichotomy. Instillation of an emulsion eye drop significantly increased the thickness of the lipid layer but did not significantly alter the thinning rate. CONCLUSIONS:The proposed slow/rapid dichotomy of thinning rates presumably relates to a good/poor barrier to evaporation of the lipid layer. The imperfect correlation between thinning rate and lipid thickness indicates that other factors, such as the composition and structure of the lipid layer, are important (e.g., sufficient polar lipids may be needed to form good interface between nonpolar lipids and the aqueous layer).
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
King-Smith PE,Hinel EA,Nichols JJdoi
10.1167/iovs.09-4387subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
2418-23issue
5eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.09-4387journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) have been associated with the progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To determine whether SDD in eyes in normal macular health increases risk for early AMD, this study examined the association between presence of SDD at baseline in a cohort of older adult...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18316
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Nystagmus, head nodding, and anomalous head position are symptoms of spasmus nutans. This disorder appears in early childhood and is thought to be self-limited. However, the visual outcome of patients with spasmus nutans is unclear. The resolution of nystagmus has not been proven with quantitative eye movement ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Scleral proteoglycans were characterized from human donor eyes aged 2 months to 94 years to identify age-related changes in the synthesis and/or accumulation of these extracellular matrix components. METHODS:Newly synthesized proteoglycans (previously radiolabeled with 35SO4) and total accumulated scleral prot...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocular adenoviral infections occur worldwide, and currently, there is no ocular animal model for evaluating new antivirals or studying pathogenesis. With a paired-eye design, an ocular model was developed in 32 New Zealand rabbits following topical and intrastromal inoculation with a clinical isolate of adenovirus typ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess whether tonometric measurements of the drop in intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by 0.005% latanoprost are modified after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS:Data from 24 randomly selected eyes of 24 patients (12 men and 12 women, mean age +/- SD: 31.7 +/- 6.2 years) who were undergoing bilat...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0625
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-isopropyl ester (IE), PGA2, or PGA2-IE on intraocular pressure (IOP) was tested in eight cynomolgus monkey eyes with argon laser-induced glaucoma. Dose-response testing and baseline IOP measurements were done. For multiple dose testing, 5 micrograms in 25 microliters (0.02%) o...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunolabeling patterns for vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were studied in five rhesus monkeys that had undergone retinal detachment or detachment and reattachment. Anti-vimentin and anti-GFAP labeling intensity increased in Müller cells after 2 days of detachment. Weak anti-vimentin labeling ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To understand the barriers facing primary care providers (PCPs), including nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), in the current referral-to-eye-care process and to solicit suggestions from PCPs on how to improve the current referral system. Methods. Four focus groups were conducted with a ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4512
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the prophylactic effects of intravenous moxifloxacin and vancomycin for Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. METHODS:Albino rabbits (n = 60) were divided into three groups. Intravenous moxifloxacin was injected into 20 animals (group 1), and intravenous vancomycin was inject...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5231
更新日期:2011-03-25 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The purpose of this review was to provide detailed insights into the pathophysiology of myofibroblast-mediated fibrosis (scarring or late haze) after corneal injury, surgery, or infection. Method:Literature review. Results:The epithelium and epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or endothelium and Descemet's...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24428
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the dynamic effect of tear lipocalins (TLs), the major lipid-binding protein in tears, at aqueous-cornea and lipid-aqueous interfaces, and their potential contribution to surface tension in the tear film. METHODS:Human apo- and holo-TLs were applied to the aqueous subphase in a Langmuir trough, ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of childhood-onset retinal diseases characterized by severe visual impairment or blindness. One form is caused by mutations in the RPE65 gene, which encodes the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) isomerase. In this study, the retinal structure and expression of molecula...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5213
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Growth factors act through high-affinity cell surface receptors expressed by target cells and are critical modulators of cell function. Because aqueous humor is known to contain growth factors, these molecules may play a key role in maintaining the normal function of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM). Alterna...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To enhance drug uptake in RPE cells, improve efficacy for choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and reduce drug toxicity, an EphA2-targeted nanocarrier loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) was developed by conjugation with a homing peptide YSA. METHODS:The YSA was coupled to PEGylated lipid. Then, YSA-modified DOX stea...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-9955
更新日期:2012-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate a porcine anterior chamber perfusion model and to test the transferability of data obtained with this model to the human system. METHODS:Porcine eyes were obtained from a local abattoir and processed within 2 hours after death. Anterior chambers of 42 pairs of eyes were dissected with removal of le...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1393
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine associations between retinopathy status and detailed serum lipoprotein subclass profiles in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC) cohort. METHODS:Persons with type 1 diabetes (440 women, 548 men) from the DCCT/EDIC c...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0648
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It is thought that large perimetric stimuli are insensitive for demonstrating visual field defects. To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the total number of abnormal test locations with total deviation empiric probability plots in glaucoma patients, we compared results of glaucoma patients test...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11300
更新日期:2013-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare two spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) devices for the identification of angle structures and the presence of angle closure. METHODS:This was a prospective comparative study. Consecutive patients underwent gonioscopy and anterior segment imaging using two SD-OCT devices (iVue and ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10132
更新日期:2012-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of visual handicap in the pediatric population. To date, this disorder is thought to stem from deficient retinal vascularization. Intriguingly, functional electrophysiological studies in patients with mild or moderate ROP and in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (O...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6742
更新日期:2011-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD) are genetically heterogeneous, with 11 genes currently implicated. The LCA chip may be used to interrogate many variants in one hybridization reaction. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of this technology. METHO...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0207
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various noninvasive test procedures were used to evaluate retinal function in a patient who had become night blind following vincristine chemotherapy. The results obtained were strikingly similar to those reported previously in subjects with recessively inherited stationary night blindness; the dark-adaptation curve w...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate concentrations of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in eyes with central (CRVO) and branch (BRVO) retinal vein occlusion before and during therapy with bevacizumab and to identify associations with disease activity. METHODS:In a prospective clinical trial, 13 eyes of patients with CRVO (...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2510
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of unilateral, stereotactic, posteroventral pallidotomy on saccadic eye movements in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS:Eye movements of 31 patients with moderate to advanced PD were recorded with an infrared system 1 month before and 3 months after pallidotomy. Two kinds of ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the effect of valacyclovir alone and with aspirin on the asymptomatic shedding of HSV-1 DNA in tears and saliva of healthy individuals. METHOD. The subjects (n = 45) were randomized into three groups without regard to age, sex, or race. Group 1 (n = 14) received the placebo, group 2 (n = 15) received a ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3729
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method to quantify different glaucomatous visual field defects is presented. Three visual field indices are calculated: the short-term fluctuation, the mean defect, and the corrected loss variation. The method was applied to visual fields tested with program JO on the Octopus automated perimeter. The indices of 130 ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate possible protective effects of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) against photoreceptor death in light-damaged, Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and P23H rhodopsin transgenic rats. METHODS:Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD), 6-week-old RCS, and 10-day-old P23H (line 1, heterozygote) r...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the survival of adult retinal grafts prepared in a physiologically optimized way. METHODS:Twenty-three rabbits received an adult full-thickness rabbit retinal transplant positioned under the host retina, using a vitrectomy technique. The transplants were prepared using a procedure based on a previousl...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the expression pattern of claudins in human corneal endothelium, and to evaluate the functional role of the claudin-10b subtype. METHODS:Corneal endothelium with Descemet's membrane and the corneal epithelium were stripped from donor human corneal stroma. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain r...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12022
更新日期:2013-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Our goal was to generate and characterize a new mouse model in which only angiogenesis- and glaucoma-relevant tissues would be naturally fluorescent. The Matrix Gla (MGP) gene is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and trabecular meshwork (TM). We sought to direct our Mgp-Cre.KI mouse recomb...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.17-22992
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether dexamethasone (DEX)-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) in mice mimics the hallmarks of steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) in humans, including reduced conventional outflow facility (C), increased extracellular matrix (ECM), and myofibroblasts within the outflow pathway. METHODS:Osmotic mini-pum...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14429
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00