Abstract:
:Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is a clonal, equine host-adapted pathogen of global importance that causes a suppurative lymphodendopathy of the head and neck, more commonly known as Strangles. The disease is highly prevalent, can be severe and is highly contagious. Antibiotic treatment is usually ineffective. Live attenuated vaccine strains of S. equi have shown adverse reactions and they suffer from a short duration of immunity. Thus, a safe and effective vaccine against S. equi is highly desirable. The bacterium shows only limited genetic diversity and an effective vaccine could confer broad protection to horses throughout the world. Welsh mountain ponies (n = 7) vaccinated with a combination of seven recombinant S. equi proteins were significantly protected from experimental infection by S. equi, resembling the spontaneous disease. Vaccinated horses had significantly reduced incidence of lymph node swelling (p = 0.0013) lymph node abscessation (p = 0.00001), fewer days of pyrexia (p = 0.0001), reduced pathology scoring (p = 0.005) and lower bacterial recovery from lymph nodes (p = 0.004) when compared with non-vaccinated horses (n = 7). Six of 7 vaccinated horses were protected whereas all 7 non-vaccinated became infected. The protective antigens consisted of five surface localized proteins and two IgG endopeptidases. A second vaccination trial (n = 7+7), in which the IgG endopeptidases were omitted, demonstrated only partial protection against S. equi, highlighting an important role for these vaccine components in establishing a protective immune response. S. equi shares >80% sequence identity with Streptococcus pyogenes. Several of the components utilized here have counterparts in S. pyogenes, suggesting that our findings have broader implications for the prevention of infection with this important human pathogen. This is one of only a few demonstrations of protection from streptococcal infection conferred by a recombinant multi-component subunit vaccine in a natural host.
journal_name
PLoS Pathogjournal_title
PLoS pathogensauthors
Guss B,Flock M,Frykberg L,Waller AS,Robinson C,Smith KC,Flock JIdoi
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000584subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-09-01 00:00:00pages
e1000584issue
9eissn
1553-7366issn
1553-7374journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLoS Pathogens文献大全abstract::The nuclear lamina lines the inner nuclear membrane providing a structural framework for the nucleus. Cellular processes, such as nuclear envelope breakdown during mitosis or nuclear export of large ribonucleoprotein complexes, are functionally linked to the disassembly of the nuclear lamina. In general, lamina disass...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005825
更新日期:2016-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The HCV RNA genome is translated into a single polyprotein. Most of the cleavage sites in the non-structural (NS) polyprotein region are processed by the NS3/NS4A serine protease. The vital NS2-NS3 cleavage is catalyzed by the NS2 autopro...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004736
更新日期:2015-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, has cholesterol and cholesterol-glycolipids that are essential for bacterial fitness, are antigenic, and could be important in mediating interactions with cells of the eukaryotic host. We show that the spirochetes can acquire cholesterol from plasma membranes of epithel...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003109
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interferons (IFNs) are a group of cytokines with a well-established antiviral function. They can be induced by viral infection, are secreted and bind to specific receptors on the same or neighbouring cells to activate the expression of hundreds of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral function. Type I IFN has bee...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003773
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the innate immune system act in synergy to provide a first line of defense against pathogens. Here we describe that dendritic cells (DCs), matured with viral products or mimics thereof, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), activated natural killer (NK) cells more efficiently than other mature DC preparations. ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0040027
更新日期:2008-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Plants and animals mediate early steps of the innate immune response through pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs commonly associate with or contain members of a monophyletic group of kinases called the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family that include Drosophila Pelle, human IRAKs, rice XA21 ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020002
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vaccination has been poorly investigated. We have reported that vaccination with ex vivo-generated dendritic-cells (DC) loaded with HIV-lipopeptides (LIPO-5-DC vaccine) in HIV-infected patients was well tolerated and highly immunogenic. These responses and their relation to vi...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004752
更新日期:2015-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::IFI16 (gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16), a predominantly nuclear protein involved in transcriptional regulation, also functions as an innate immune response DNA sensor and induces the IL-1β and antiviral type-1 interferon-β (IFN-β) cytokines. We have shown that IFI16, in association with BRCA1, functions as a se...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005967
更新日期:2016-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Human APOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that contribute broadly to innate immunity through the control of exogenous retrovirus replication and endogenous retroelement retrotransposition. As an intrinsic antiretroviral defense mechanism, APOBEC3 proteins induce extensive guanosine-to-adenosine (G-to-A) mutagenes...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004281
更新日期:2014-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of the infectious prion protein (PrPSc), which is responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, has escaped all attempts at elucidation due to its insolubility and propensity to aggregate. PrPSc replicates by converting the non-infectious, cellular prion protei...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005835
更新日期:2016-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the nematode responsible for a devastating epidemic of pine wilt disease in Asia and Europe, and represents a recent, independent origin of plant parasitism in nematodes, ecologically and taxonomically distinct from other nematodes for which genomic data is available. As well as being an ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002219
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactoferrin binding protein B (LbpB) is a bi-lobed outer membrane-bound lipoprotein that comprises part of the lactoferrin (Lf) receptor complex in Neisseria meningitidis and other Gram-negative pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated that LbpB plays a role in protecting the bacteria from cationic antimicrobial pe...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006244
更新日期:2017-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesviruses persist indefinitely in their host through complex and poorly defined interactions that mediate latent, chronic or productive states of infection. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV or HCMV), a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus, coordinates the expression of two viral genes, UL135 and UL138, which have opposing roles in ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005655
更新日期:2016-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Fusogenic reoviruses encode fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein, which induces cell-cell fusion. FAST protein is the only known fusogenic protein in non-enveloped viruses, and its role in virus replication is not yet known. We generated replication-competent, FAST protein-deficient pteropine orthoreov...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007675
更新日期:2019-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of peptidoglycan (PGN) is paramount for insect antibacterial defenses. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the transmembrane PGN Recognition Protein LC (PGRP-LC) is a receptor of the Imd signaling pathway that is activated after infection with bacteria, mainly Gram-negative (Gram-). Here we demonstra...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000542
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and is administered in over 150 countries worldwide. Despite its widespread use, the vaccine has a variable protective efficacy of 0-80%, with the lowest efficacy rates in tropical regions where TB is most prevalent. This va...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005614
更新日期:2016-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains two viruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) for which pteropid bats act as the main natural reservoir. Each virus also causes serious and commonly lethal infection of people as well as various species of domestic animals, however little is known ab...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002836
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic analyses have provided strong evidence that amino acid changes in spike (S) protein of animal and human SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) during and between two zoonotic transfers (2002/03 and 2003/04) are the result of positive selection. While several studies support that some amino acid changes between an...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000197
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations of honey bees are declining throughout the world, with US beekeepers losing 30% of their colonies each winter. Though multiple factors are driving these colony losses, it is increasingly clear that viruses play a major role. However, information about the molecular mechanisms mediating antiviral immunity i...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004713
更新日期:2015-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) represents one of the most important innate immunity responses in a host to combat infections of many human viruses including human herpesviruses. Human N-myc interactor (Nmi) protein, which has been shown to interact with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins including ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006867
更新日期:2018-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are at the forefront of host-microbe interactions. Molecular and cell-based studies suggest that HSPG-pathogen interactions promote pathogenesis by facilitating microbial attachment and invasion of host cells. However, the specific identity of HSPGs, precise mechanisms by which HS...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008497
更新日期:2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal metabolism and uncontrolled angiogenesis are two important characteristics of malignant tumors. The occurrence of both events involves many key molecular changes including miRNA. However, EBV encoded miRNAs are rarely mentioned as capable of regulating tumor metabolism and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we reporte...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007484
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Various bacterial toxins circumvent host defenses through overproduction of cAMP. In a previous study, we showed that edema factor (EF), an adenylate cyclase from Bacillus anthracis, disrupts endocytic recycling mediated by the small GTPase Rab11. As a result, cargo proteins such as cadherins fail to reach inter-cellu...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006603
更新日期:2017-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection has been demonstrated in vitro, raising concerns about the detrimental potential of some anti-EBOV antibodies. ADE has been described for many viruses and mostly depends on the cross-linking of virus-antibody complexes to cell surface Fc receptors, l...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006139
更新日期:2016-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the tubercle bacillus to arrest phagosome maturation is considered one major mechanism that allows its survival within host macrophages. To identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process, we developed a high throughput phenotypic cell-based assay enabling individual sub-cellular analysis of over ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001100
更新日期:2010-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamic regulation of leukocyte population size and activation state is crucial for an effective immune response. In malaria, Plasmodium parasites elicit robust host expansion of macrophages and monocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that myeloid expansion during P. chabaudi infection is...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006046
更新日期:2016-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Highly phagocytic macrophages line the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen and the lymph node subcapsular sinus. Although these macrophages have been attributed with a variety of functions, including the uptake and clearance of blood and lymph-borne pathogens, little is known about the effector mechanisms they employ aft...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000813
更新日期:2010-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) vGPCR is a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor that subverts proliferative and inflammatory signaling pathways to induce cell transformation in Kaposi's sarcoma. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inflammatory mediator that plays a key regulatory role in the acti...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009006
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The studies reported herein are the first to document the effect of the in vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor for defining the potential role of NK cells during acute SIV infection of a group of 15 rhesus macaques (RM). An additional group of 16 MHC/KIR typed RM was included as controls. The previously optimized ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003929
更新日期:2014-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::The virions of enteroviruses such as poliovirus undergo a global conformational change after binding to the cellular receptor, characterized by a 4% expansion, and by the opening of holes at the two and quasi-three-fold symmetry axes of the capsid. The resultant particle is called a 135S particle or A-particle and is ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008920
更新日期:2020-09-30 00:00:00