The Structural Architecture of an Infectious Mammalian Prion Using Electron Cryomicroscopy.

abstract：:Intracellular parasites, such as Leishmania spp, must acquire suitable carbon sources from the host cell in order to replicate. Here we present evidence that intracellular amastigote stages of Leishmania exploit amino sugars in the phagolysosome of mammalian macrophages as a source of carbon and energy. L. major paras...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Naderer T,Heng J,McConville MJ

更新日期：2010-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian prion structures and replication mechanisms are poorly understood. Most synthetic recombinant prion protein (rPrP) amyloids prepared without cofactors are non-infectious or much less infectious than bona fide tissue-derived PrPSc. This effect has been associated with differences in folding of the aggregates,...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Groveman BR,Raymond GJ,Campbell KJ,Race B,Raymond LD,Hughson AG,Orrú CD,Kraus A,Phillips K,Caughey B

更新日期：2017-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gE-gI is a transmembrane Fc receptor found on the surface of infected cells and virions that binds human immunoglobulin G (hIgG). gE-gI can also participate in antibody bipolar bridging (ABB), a process by which the antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of the IgG bind a vira...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Ndjamen B,Farley AH,Lee T,Fraser SE,Bjorkman PJ

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:IFNγ signaling drives dendritic cells (DCs) to promote type I T cell (Th1) immunity. Here, we show that activation of DCs by IFNγ is equally crucial for the differentiation of a population of T-bet+ regulatory T (Treg) cells specialized to inhibit Th1 immune responses. Conditional deletion of IFNγ receptor in DCs but ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Lee HM,Fleige A,Forman R,Cho S,Khan AA,Lin LL,Nguyen DT,O'Hara-Hall A,Yin Z,Hunter CA,Muller W,Lu LF

更新日期：2015-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The human T cell leukemia virus HTLV-1 establishes a persistent infection in vivo in which the viral sense-strand transcription is usually silent at a given time in each cell. However, cellular stress responses trigger the reactivation of HTLV-1, enabling the virus to transmit to a new host cell. Using single-molecule...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Miura M,Dey S,Ramanayake S,Singh A,Rueda DS,Bangham CRM

更新日期：2019-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The highly pathogenic Old World arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) and the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) use α-dystroglycan as a cellular receptor and enter the host cell by an unusual endocytotic pathway independent of clathrin, caveolin, dynamin, and actin. Upon internalization, the viru...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Pasqual G,Rojek JM,Masin M,Chatton JY,Kunz S

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic hantaviruses, genus Orthohantaviridae, are maintained in rodent reservoirs with zoonotic transmission to humans occurring through inhalation of rodent excreta. Hantavirus disease in humans is characterized by localized vascular leakage and elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Despite th...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Kell AM,Hemann EA,Turnbull JB,Gale M Jr

更新日期：2020-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Eliciting broad tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is a major goal of HIV-1 vaccine research. Here we investigated the ability of native, membrane-expressed JR-FL Env trimers to elicit nAbs. Unusually potent nAb titers developed in 2 of 8 rabbits immunized with virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing trimers (trimer...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Crooks ET,Tong T,Chakrabarti B,Narayan K,Georgiev IS,Menis S,Huang X,Kulp D,Osawa K,Muranaka J,Stewart-Jones G,Destefano J,O'Dell S,LaBranche C,Robinson JE,Montefiori DC,McKee K,Du SX,Doria-Rose N,Kwong PD,Mascola

更新日期：2015-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is associated with circulating "atypical" memory B cells (atMBCs), which appear similar to dysfunctional B cells found in HIV-infected individuals. Functional analysis of atMBCs has been limited, with one report suggesting these cells are not dysfunctional but produce protective antib...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Sullivan RT,Kim CC,Fontana MF,Feeney ME,Jagannathan P,Boyle MJ,Drakeley CJ,Ssewanyana I,Nankya F,Mayanja-Kizza H,Dorsey G,Greenhouse B

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogens hide immunogenic epitopes from the host to evade immunity, persist and cause infection. The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which can cause fatal disease in immunocompromised patient populations, offers a good example as it masks the inflammatory epitope β-glucan in its cell wall from h...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Hopke A,Nicke N,Hidu EE,Degani G,Popolo L,Wheeler RT

更新日期：2016-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine norovirus (MNoV) is an important model of human norovirus (HNoV) and mucosal virus infection more broadly. Viral receptor utilization is a major determinant of cell tropism, host range, and pathogenesis. The bona fide receptor for HNoV is unknown. Recently, we identified CD300lf as a proteinaceous receptor for ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Graziano VR,Walker FC,Kennedy EA,Wei J,Ettayebi K,Strine MS,Filler RB,Hassan E,Hsieh LL,Kim AS,Kolawole AO,Wobus CE,Lindesmith LC,Baric RS,Estes MK,Orchard RC,Baldridge MT,Wilen CB

更新日期：2020-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of fungal spores (conidia) occurs commonly and, in specific circumstances, can result in invasive disease. We investigated the murine inflammatory response to conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common invasive mold in immunocompromised hosts. In contrast to dormant spores, germinating conidia induce...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Hohl TM,Van Epps HL,Rivera A,Morgan LA,Chen PL,Feldmesser M,Pamer EG

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) requires the ESX1 specialized protein secretion system for virulence, for triggering cytosolic immune surveillance pathways, and for priming an optimal CD8+ T cell response. This suggests that ESX1 might act primarily by destabilizing the phagosomal membrane that surrounds the bacteriu...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Garces A,Atmakuri K,Chase MR,Woodworth JS,Krastins B,Rothchild AC,Ramsdell TL,Lopez MF,Behar SM,Sarracino DA,Fortune SM

更新日期：2010-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Human defensins are at the forefront of the host responses to HIV and other pathogens in mucosal tissues. However, their ability to inactivate HIV in the bloodstream has been questioned due to the antagonistic effect of serum. In this study, we have examined the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of human α-defen...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Demirkhanyan L,Marin M,Lu W,Melikyan GB

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterosexual risk group has become the largest HIV infected group in the United Kingdom during the last 10 years, but little is known of the network structure and dynamics of viral transmission in this group. The overwhelming majority of UK heterosexual infections are of non-B HIV subtypes, indicating viruses orig...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Hughes GJ,Fearnhill E,Dunn D,Lycett SJ,Rambaut A,Leigh Brown AJ,UK HIV Drug Resistance Collaboration.

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:APE1 is a multifunctional protein with a DNA base excision repair function in its C-terminal domain and a redox activity in its N-terminal domain. The redox function of APE1 converts certain transcription factors from inactive oxidized to active reduced forms. Given that among the APE1-regulated transcription factors ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Zhong C,Xu M,Wang Y,Xu J,Yuan Y

更新日期：2017-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:KSHV is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and a subset of multicentricCastleman's disease (MCD). The fact that KSHV-encoded miRNAs are readily detectable in all KSHV-associated tumors suggests a potential role in viral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis. MiRNA-mediated regula...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Haecker I,Gay LA,Yang Y,Hu J,Morse AM,McIntyre LM,Renne R

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Trypanosoma brucei flagellum is a multifunctional organelle with critical roles in motility, cellular morphogenesis, and cell division. Although motility is thought to be important throughout the trypanosome lifecycle, most studies of flagellum structure and function have been restricted to the procyclic lifecycle...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Ralston KS,Hill KL

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with colorectal cancer (CRC) and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the molecular determinants involved in Sgg pathogenicity in the gut are unknown. Bacterial type VII secretion systems (T7SS) mediate pa...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Taylor JC,Gao X,Xu J,Holder M,Petrosino J,Kumar R,Liu W,Höök M,Mackenzie C,Hillhouse A,Brashear W,Nunez MP,Xu Y

更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In an effort to suppress microbial outgrowth, the host sequesters essential nutrients in a process termed nutritional immunity. However, inflammatory responses to bacterial insult can restore nutritional resources. Given that nutrient availability modulates virulence factor production and biofilm formation by other ba...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Szelestey BR,Heimlich DR,Raffel FK,Justice SS,Mason KM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many animal and plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission from host to host. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), a picorna-like virus from plants, is transmitted specifically by the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index. The icosahedral capsid of GFLV, which consists of 60 identical coat protein subunits (CP),...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Schellenberger P,Sauter C,Lorber B,Bron P,Trapani S,Bergdoll M,Marmonier A,Schmitt-Keichinger C,Lemaire O,Demangeat G,Ritzenthaler C

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information on the growth rate and metabolism of microbial pathogens that cause long-term chronic infections is limited, reflecting the absence of suitable tools for measuring these parameters in vivo. Here, we have measured the replication and physiological state of Leishmania mexicana parasites in murine inflammator...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Kloehn J,Saunders EC,O'Callaghan S,Dagley MJ,McConville MJ

更新日期：2015-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:NKT cells play an important role in autoimmune diseases, tumor surveillance, and infectious diseases, providing in most cases protection against infection. NKT cells are reactive to CD1d presented glycolipid antigens. They can modulate immune responses by promoting the secretion of type 1, type 2, or immune regulatory...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Karmakar S,Bhaumik SK,Paul J,De T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) belongs to the genus Bocaparvovirus of the Parvoviridae family, and is an emerging human pathogenic respiratory virus. In vitro, HBoV1 infects well-differentiated/polarized primary human airway epithelium (HAE) cultured at an air-liquid interface (HAE-ALI). Although it is well known that auto...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Deng X,Yan Z,Cheng F,Engelhardt JF,Qiu J

更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial pathogens often establish infection within particular niches of their host for replication. Determining how infection occurs preferentially in specific host tissues is a key aspect of understanding host-microbe interactions. Here, we describe the discovery of a natural microsporidian parasite of the nematode...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Luallen RJ,Reinke AW,Tong L,Botts MR,Félix MA,Troemel ER

更新日期：2016-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains two viruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) for which pteropid bats act as the main natural reservoir. Each virus also causes serious and commonly lethal infection of people as well as various species of domestic animals, however little is known ab...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Marsh GA,de Jong C,Barr JA,Tachedjian M,Smith C,Middleton D,Yu M,Todd S,Foord AJ,Haring V,Payne J,Robinson R,Broz I,Crameri G,Field HE,Wang LF

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many thousands of endoparasitic wasp species are known to inject polydnavirus (PDV) particles into their caterpillar host during oviposition, causing immune and developmental dysfunctions that benefit the wasp larva. PDVs associated with braconid and ichneumonid wasps, bracoviruses and ichnoviruses respectively, both ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Volkoff AN,Jouan V,Urbach S,Samain S,Bergoin M,Wincker P,Demettre E,Cousserans F,Provost B,Coulibaly F,Legeai F,Béliveau C,Cusson M,Gyapay G,Drezen JM

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Human herpesviruses are antigenically rich agents that induce strong CD8+T cell responses in primary infection yet persist for life, continually challenging T cell memory through recurrent lytic replication and potentially influencing the spectrum of antigen-specific responses. Here we describe the first lytic proteom...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Forrest C,Hislop AD,Rickinson AB,Zuo J

更新日期：2018-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaginal HIV transmission accounts for the majority of new infections worldwide. Currently, multiple efforts to prevent HIV transmission are based on pre-exposure prophylaxis with various antiretroviral drugs. Here, we describe two novel nanoformulations of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine for pericoital...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Kovarova M,Council OD,Date AA,Long JM,Nochi T,Belshan M,Shibata A,Vincent H,Baker CE,Thayer WO,Kraus G,Lachaud-Durand S,Williams P,Destache CJ,Garcia JV

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Translation initiation is a critical early step in the replication cycle of the positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of noroviruses, a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Norovirus RNA, which has neither a 5´ m7G cap nor an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), adopts an unusual mechanism to initiate protei...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Leen EN,Sorgeloos F,Correia S,Chaudhry Y,Cannac F,Pastore C,Xu Y,Graham SC,Matthews SJ,Goodfellow IG,Curry S

更新日期：2016-01-06 00:00:00