Abstract:
:Recognition of peptidoglycan (PGN) is paramount for insect antibacterial defenses. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the transmembrane PGN Recognition Protein LC (PGRP-LC) is a receptor of the Imd signaling pathway that is activated after infection with bacteria, mainly Gram-negative (Gram-). Here we demonstrate that bacterial infections of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae are sensed by the orthologous PGRPLC protein which then activates a signaling pathway that involves the Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor REL2. PGRPLC signaling leads to transcriptional induction of antimicrobial peptides at early stages of hemolymph infections with the Gram-positive (Gram+) bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, but a different signaling pathway might be used in infections with the Gram- bacterium Escherichia coli. The size of mosquito symbiotic bacteria populations and their dramatic proliferation after a bloodmeal, as well as intestinal bacterial infections, are also controlled by PGRPLC signaling. We show that this defense response modulates mosquito infection intensities with malaria parasites, both the rodent model parasite, Plasmodium berghei, and field isolates of the human parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. We propose that the tripartite interaction between mosquito microbial communities, PGRPLC-mediated antibacterial defense and infections with Plasmodium can be exploited in future interventions aiming to control malaria transmission. Molecular analysis and structural modeling provided mechanistic insights for the function of PGRPLC. Alternative splicing of PGRPLC transcripts produces three main isoforms, of which PGRPLC3 appears to have a key role in the resistance to bacteria and modulation of Plasmodium infections. Structural modeling indicates that PGRPLC3 is capable of binding monomeric PGN muropeptides but unable to initiate dimerization with other isoforms. A dual role of this isoform is hypothesized: it sequesters monomeric PGN dampening weak signals and locks other PGRPLC isoforms in binary immunostimulatory complexes further enhancing strong signals.
journal_name
PLoS Pathogjournal_title
PLoS pathogensauthors
Meister S,Agianian B,Turlure F,Relógio A,Morlais I,Kafatos FC,Christophides GKdoi
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000542subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-08-01 00:00:00pages
e1000542issue
8eissn
1553-7366issn
1553-7374journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLoS Pathogens文献大全abstract::Vibrio cholerae has evolved to adeptly transition between the human small intestine and aquatic environments, leading to water-borne spread and transmission of the lethal diarrheal disease cholera. Using a host model that mimics the pathology of human cholera, we applied high density transposon mutagenesis combined wi...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003800
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Haemophilus influenzae HMW1 adhesin is a high-molecular weight protein that is secreted by the bacterial two-partner secretion pathway and mediates adherence to respiratory epithelium, an essential early step in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae disease. In recent work, we discovered that HMW1 is a glycoprotein an...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000919
更新日期:2010-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Virus-like particles (VLPs) have not been observed in Caenorhabditis germ cells, although nematode genomes contain low numbers of retrotransposon and retroviral sequences. We used electron microscopy to search for VLPs in various wild strains of Caenorhabditis, and observed very rare candidate VLPs in some strains, in...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002591
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by dendritic cells recognize nucleic acids derived from pathogens and play an important role in the immune responses against the influenza virus (IAV), a single-stranded RNA sensed by different receptors including TLR7. However, the importance of TLR7 processing in th...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002841
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolic events associated with maintaining redox homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during infection are poorly understood. Here, we discovered a novel redox switching mechanism by which Mtb WhiB3 under defined oxidizing and reducing conditions differentially modulates the assimilation of propionate...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000545
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) are used by bacteria to sense and respond to their environment. TCS are typically composed of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). The Vibrio cholerae genome encodes 52 RR, but the role of these RRs in V. cholerae pathogenesis is largely unknown....
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004933
更新日期:2015-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Our laboratory has reported that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is an early response to infection that is fundamental to the initiation of H. pylori-induced gastritis. H. pylori also induces programmed death lig...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007468
更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The virulence of Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia, relies on an atypical type VI secretion system (T6SS) encoded by a genomic island termed the Francisella Pathogenicity Island (FPI). While the importance of the FPI in F. tularensis virulence is clearly established, the precise role of most o...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005821
更新日期:2016-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are being considered as adjuvants for the induction of antigen-specific immune responses, as in the design of vaccines. Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytoidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), is recognized by TLR3 and other intracellular receptors. Poly ICLC is a ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000373
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global public health burden for which no licensed vaccine exists. To aid vaccine development via increased understanding of the protective antibody response to RSV prefusion glycoprotein F (PreF), we performed structural and functional studies using the human neutralizing antibod...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008943
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified from the mutualistic grass endophyte Epichloë festucae a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene (sidN) encoding a siderophore synthetase. The enzymatic product of SidN is shown to be a novel extracellular siderophore designated as epichloënin A, related to ferrirubin from the ferrichrome family. Targ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003332
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The progression of a natural bacterial infection is a dynamic process influenced by the physiological characteristics of the target organ. Recent developments in live animal imaging allow for the study of the dynamic microbe-host interplay in real-time as the infection progresses within an organ of a live host. Here w...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001298
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host control of influenza A virus (IAV) is associated with exuberant pulmonary inflammation characterized by the influx of myeloid cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines including interferons (IFNs). It is unclear, however, how the immune system clears the virus without causing lethal immunopathology. Here,...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005378
更新日期:2016-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent or persistent infection. A hallmark of chronic CMV infection is the lifelong persistence of large numbers of virus-specific CD8+ effector/effector memory T cells, a phenomenon called "memory inflation". How the virus continuously stimulates th...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002295
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::KSHV is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and a subset of multicentricCastleman's disease (MCD). The fact that KSHV-encoded miRNAs are readily detectable in all KSHV-associated tumors suggests a potential role in viral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis. MiRNA-mediated regula...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002884
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micro (mi)RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of their targets' messenger RNAs through both translational inhibition and regulation of target RNA stability. Recently, a number of viruses, particularly of the herpesvirus family, have been shown to express their own miRNAs to control both viral a...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001150
更新日期:2010-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is a pathogenic strain of avian paramyxovirus (aPMV-1) that is among the most serious of disease threats to the poultry industry worldwide. Viral diversity is high in aPMV-1; eight genotypes are recognized based on phylogenetic reconstruction of gene sequences. Modified live vaccines have...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000872
更新日期:2010-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand the initiation of CD8(+) T cell responses during infection, the primary response to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii was characterized using 2-photon microscopy combined with an experimental system that allowed visualization of dendritic cells (DCs) and parasite specific CD8(+) T cells...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000505
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading organisms. Thus, pathogens have developed virulence mechanisms to evade the innate immune system. Here, we report a novel means for inhibition of neutrophil recruitment by Group A Streptococcus (GAS). Deletion of the secreted esterase gene (de...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002624
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV and other lentiviruses can productively infect nondividing cells, whereas most other retroviruses, such as murine leukemia virus, require cell division for efficient infection. However, the determinants for this phenotype have been controversial. Here, we show that HIV-1 capsid (CA) is involved in facilitating HIV...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030156
更新日期:2007-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Unique purine-rich mRNA sequences embedded in the coding sequences of a distinct group of gammaherpesvirus maintenance proteins underlie the ability of the latently infected cell to minimize immune recognition. The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, EBNA1, a well characterized lymphocryptovirus maintenance protein ha...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003112
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 infection of macrophages plays a key role in viral pathogenesis and progression to AIDS. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C); a synthetic analog of dsRNA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLR) TLR3 and TLR4, respectively, are known to decrease HIV-1 infection in ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002937
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::IFNγ signaling drives dendritic cells (DCs) to promote type I T cell (Th1) immunity. Here, we show that activation of DCs by IFNγ is equally crucial for the differentiation of a population of T-bet+ regulatory T (Treg) cells specialized to inhibit Th1 immune responses. Conditional deletion of IFNγ receptor in DCs but ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004635
更新日期:2015-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular parasites, such as Leishmania spp, must acquire suitable carbon sources from the host cell in order to replicate. Here we present evidence that intracellular amastigote stages of Leishmania exploit amino sugars in the phagolysosome of mammalian macrophages as a source of carbon and energy. L. major paras...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001245
更新日期:2010-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) seriously threaten global food security. Conventionally an integrated approach to PPN management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns. This progressive withdrawal has left a...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006237
更新日期:2017-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::In bacteria, transformation and restriction-modification (R-M) systems play potentially antagonistic roles. While the former, proposed as a form of sexuality, relies on internalized foreign DNA to create genetic diversity, the latter degrade foreign DNA to protect from bacteriophage attack. The human pathogen Streptoc...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003178
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces HIV-associated morbidities and mortalities but cannot cure the infection. Given the difficulty of eradicating HIV-1, a functional cure for HIV-infected patients appears to be a more reachable short-term goal. We identified 14 HIV patients (post-treatment controllers [P...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003211
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), caused by Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), is a highly vascularised tumour of endothelial origin. KSHV infected endothelial cells show increased invasiveness and angiogenesis. Here, we report that the KSHV K15 protein, which we showed previously to contribute to KSHV-induced angiogenesis, is...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005105
更新日期:2015-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::The survival and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on its capacity to manipulate multiple host defense pathways, including the ability to actively inhibit the death by apoptosis of infected host cells. The genetic basis for this anti-apoptotic activity and its implication for mycobacterial virulence ha...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030110
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006236.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006833
更新日期:2018-01-04 00:00:00