Abstract：
:Sustained attention abnormality in schizophrenia is usually refractory to available treatment. Nicotine can transiently improve sustained attention in schizophrenia patients, although its neural mechanisms are unknown. Understanding the neural basis of this effect may lead to new treatment strategies for this cognitive deficit. Twenty schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy comparison smokers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, randomized functional magnetic resonance imaging study comparing nicotine vs placebo patch on sustained attention, using the rapid visual information-processing task. Schizophrenia patients had impaired visual sustained attention accuracy and processing speed (all P's <.001) and showed significantly reduced activation in the frontal-parietal-cingulate-thalamic attention network compared with healthy comparison subjects. Nicotine administration enhanced accuracy and processing speed compared with placebo (all P's ≤.006), with no drug × diagnosis interactions. However, schizophrenia patients' task performance remained impaired during the nicotine condition, even when compared with healthy comparison subjects in the placebo condition (all P's ≤.01). Nicotine exerted no significant reversal of the impaired attention network associated with schizophrenia. Activations in brain regions associated with nicotine-induced behavioral improvement were not significantly different between patients and comparison subjects. Thus, nicotine transiently enhanced sustained attention similarly in schizophrenia patients and in healthy comparison smokers. The neural mechanisms for this nicotinic effect in schizophrenia appear similar to those for healthy comparison subjects. However, nicotine, at least in a single sustained dose, does not normalize impaired sustained attention and its associated brain network in schizophrenia. These findings provide guidance for developing new treatment strategies for the sustained attention deficit in schizophrenia.
journal_name
Schizophr Bulljournal_title
Schizophrenia bulletinauthors
Hong LE,Schroeder M,Ross TJ,Buchholz B,Salmeron BJ,Wonodi I,Thaker GK,Stein EAdoi
10.1093/schbul/sbp089subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
416-25issue
2eissn
0586-7614issn
1745-1701pii
sbp089journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:Designs of clinical trials that will permit evaluation of independent, additive, and interactive effects of drugs and psychosocial treatments are described. The central feature of such designs is that they incorporate control conditions for both classes of treatment. Data from the articles in this issue are drawn upon...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/6.1.131
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article examines the factors that influence antipsychotic use among youth treated in public inpatient facilities. By combining data from 11 focus groups, a survey of 43 researchers and clinicians, and a chart review of 100 closed patient charts, we investigated the interplay between physicians' and staff members'...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006913
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A critique is offered of Samuels' article suggesting that reported sex differences in concordance rates for schizophrenia are either methodological artifacts or a function of sociological processes. Evidence of sex differences in age of onset, clinical expression, concordance rates among primary relatives, and premorb...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/5.1.4
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia implies that alterations in the dopamine system cause functional abnormalities in the brain that may converge to aberrant salience attribution and eventually lead to psychosis. Indeed, widespread brain disconnectivity across the psychotic spectrum has been revealed by resting-s...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/sby079
更新日期：2019-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:While many who hear auditory hallucinations (AHs) experience them as unpleasant, some do not. Little is known about the correlates of AHs that are not unpleasant, or of the characteristics of those who hear them. To better understand this symptom, we used a comprehensive structured interview schedule to study 199 subj...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007060
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in treatment technologies and development of evidence-based standards of care demand better methods for routine assessment of outcomes for schizophrenia in systems of care. This article describes the development and psychometrics of a new instrument to assess outcomes of routine care for persons with schizoph...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007001
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia has been associated with heightened stress responsivity in adolescence that precedes onset of psychosis. We now report that multiple stressors during adolescence in normal rats leads to deficits in adults analogous to that seen in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, impairment of stress control by lesion o...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbx033
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our study investigated premorbid functioning, course, and outcome in early-onset schizophrenia. All inpatients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia (n = 101) consecutively admitted between 1983 and 1988 to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University of Marburg in Germany were included. To ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbi014
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain an area of substantial unmet clinical need. By convening a consensus conference in January 2005, the NIMH has taken a leading role in stimulating a resurgence of interest in methodological considerations related to development of new medications for treating negative symptoms....
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbj056
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When fixed doses of haloperidol or perphenazine were used in two separate studies, we found that psychotic males with a prior history of psychotogenic drug use had a poorer early neuroleptic response even in the early stages of their psychotic disorder than psychotic males who had not previously used significant amoun...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/16.1.81
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of psychosocial treatments are available for persons with schizophrenia that include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive remediation, and social cognition training. These treatments are reviewed and discussed in terms of how they address key components of functional recovery such a...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbn177
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature on schizophrenia has reported a trend toward higher concordance rates for females in both monozygotic and dizygotic same-sexed twins. The validity of this finding is open to question. Rosenthal (1961 and 1962) pointed out that females are more likely than males to become inhabitants of chronic wards. Mo...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/4.1.14
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report an analysis of a large catchment area sample of patients with nonaffective functional psychoses presenting across all ages at onset. The male:female ratio was 1.56:1 in the 16-25-year age group; it reached unity around 30 years of age and declined to 0.38:1 in the 66-75-year group. Contrary to expectation, a...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/19.4.691
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Seventh International Congress on Schizophrenia Research was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in April 1999. This was the largest Congress meeting to date, with almost 1,000 presentations that covered all aspects of schizophrenia research. This article provides an account of the Congress proceedings. Several research...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type：
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033462
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity and the test-retest reliability of the willingness to pay (WTP) method for estimating health state preferences associated with side effects of antipsychotic medication. Ninety-six schizophrenia patients on antipsychotics were asked (1) how much they w...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006903
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical descriptions of perceptual and attentional anomalies in schizophrenia emphasize phenomena such as flooding, or inundation, by sensory stimuli. A failure of sensory "gating" mechanisms in the brain is hypothesized to account for these symptoms, and this hypothesis has led to a marked interest in their putative...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033402
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Both neurocognitive impairments and a history of childhood abuse are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Childhood trauma has been associated with memory impairment as well as hippocampal volume reduction in adult survivors. The aim of the following study was to examine the contribution of childh...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbp096
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional psychiatric treatment approaches have not been very successful with the "revolving door patient." A variety of findings suggest that the social network, as opposed to the individual patient, may be a more viable locus for intervention. A conceptual review and analysis of the literature reveals two construc...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/12.2.262
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Schizophrenia is associated with excess physical comorbidity. Yet, to our knowledge, large studies are lacking on the associations with somatic diseases before the onset of schizophrenia. The authors conducted a nationwide study of the full spectrum of treated somatic diseases before the first diagnosis of sc...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbu110
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenotypic heterogeneity within patients and controls may explain why the genetic variants contributing to schizophrenia risk explain only a fraction of the heritability. The aim of this study is to investigate quantitative and qualitative differences in psychosis symptoms in a sample including psychosis patients, the...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbq103
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Similar to patients with other chronic disorders, patients with serious mental illness (SMI) are often poorly adherent with prescribed medications. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a pharmacy-based intervention (Meds-Help) in increasing antipsychotic medica...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbp121
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Empirical research related to ethical issues in clinical research has grown dramatically in recent years. However, little attention has been devoted to the ethical relevance of the findings from this research. In order to examine the value and limitations of ethics-related empirical research, we discuss 3 case studies...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbj004
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 93 chronically psychotic patients, most of whom had schizophrenia. They were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for 3 weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the differenc...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/15.3.501
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between 5% and 10% of people with psychosis will die by suicide, a rate which is 20-75 times higher than the general population. This risk is even greater in those not taking antipsychotic medication. We examined whether negative appraisals of psychotic experiences and negative metacognitive beliefs about losing menta...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/sby153
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1917, Eugen Bleuler published an article (Mendelismus bei Psychosen, speziell bei der Schizophrenie [Mendelism in the Psychoses, especially Schizophrenia]) in response to the recently published first systematic family study of dementia praecox (DP) by Ernst Rüdin, then working under Kraepelin in Munich. Although br...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbz131
更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Research into tardive dyskinesia, an involuntary movement disorder secondary to chronic neuroleptic treatment, has so far produced conflicting results with no clear clinical applications. Heterogeneous diagnostic criteria, research designs, and rating scales, plus an emphasis on single-drug trials, are probably respon...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/5.1.1
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persons with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy largely due to death from natural causes. Factors that have been previously associated with excess mortality include cigarette smoking and antipsychotic medication. The role of other environmental factors such as exposure to infectious agents has been the subje...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbt113
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Task-based functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia have not yet replicated the increased coordinated hyperactivity in speech-related brain regions that is reported with symptom-capture and resting-state studies of hallucinations. This may be due to suboptimal selection of cognitive tasks. METHODS:I...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbu004
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Instrument-based scores are often used as outcome measures. However, little is known about what changes in scores mean in terms of a clinical assessment of improvement or deterioration. The purpose of this report was to determine how much change in standard instrument scores represents a clinically detectable improvem...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006869
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoking was consistently found to be more prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia than in other psychiatric groups and the general population. These findings have been interpreted as evidence of a specific association between schizophrenia and smoking. However, the supporting data come primaril...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbn066
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
