Hot and cold cognition in unmedicated depressed subjects with bipolar disorder.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:Neuropsychological studies in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) have reported deficits on a variety of cognitive measures. However, because the majority of subjects were medicated at the time of testing in previous studies, it is currently unclear whether the pattern of deficits reported is related to BD itself or to psychotropic medication. We addressed this issue by examining cognitive performance in a group of unmedicated, currently depressed subjects with BD. METHODS:Forty-nine unmedicated subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for BD, depressed phase, and 55 control subjects participated in this study. Most patients were diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. Performance on emotion-dependent, or 'hot', and emotion-independent, or 'cold', cognitive tasks was assessed using tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS:The groups were well matched with respect to general intelligence and demographic variables. Deficits in the unmedicated depressed BD group were apparent on tests tapping 'hot' cognitive processing, for example the Cambridge Gamble task and the Probabilistic Reversal Learning task. However, other than a deficit on the Spatial Span test in the depressed BD subjects, the groups performed equivalently on most measures of 'cold' cognitive processing, for example visual memory, attention, and working memory. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that deficits on tests involving reward processing, short-term spatial memory storage, and sensitivity to negative feedback in depressed BD subjects represent an effect of the illness itself and not mood-stabilizing medication.

journal_name

Bipolar Disord

journal_title

Bipolar disorders

authors

Roiser JP,Cannon DM,Gandhi SK,Taylor Tavares J,Erickson K,Wood S,Klaver JM,Clark L,Zarate CA Jr,Sahakian BJ,Drevets WC

doi

10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00669.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-03-01 00:00:00

pages

178-89

issue

2

eissn

1398-5647

issn

1399-5618

pii

BDI669

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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