Abstract:
:The objective of this paper is to provide two-stage game models explaining the 'Generic Competition Paradox' that demonstrates an increase of brand-name drug price in response to generic entry. Under the assumption that there are two groups of consumers who are segmented by their insurance status, high insurance coverage and low insurance coverage consumers, the models indicate that the decisive factor is the market share of the high insurance coverage consumer and the size of cross-substitute factor relative to certain characteristics of market demand. The paper analyses both the case of only true generic entry and the case of pseudo-generic and true generic entry. The models prove that a brand-name price will increase when both the market share of high insurance coverage consumer and the factor of cross-substitute are small. Also, the 'Generic Competition Paradox' more likely occurs in the market where less pseudo-generic products are produced.
journal_name
Health Econjournal_title
Health economicsauthors
Kong Ydoi
10.1002/hec.1392subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
591-606issue
5eissn
1057-9230issn
1099-1050journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH ECONOMICS文献大全abstract::Appreciating how the propensity to be immunized against the flu depends on individual characteristics and environments is essential for policies regarding influenza control to be formulated sensibly. To this point, the literature has offered little documentation on the determinants of influenza immunization. Beyond ep...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199902)8:1<9::aid-hec396>3
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of a non-fatal road crash on the health-related quality of life of injured people. A new approach based on the cardinalization of categorical Self-Assessed Health valuations is suggested. Health losses have been estimated by using different Time Trade-off and Visua...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1729
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper studies labour force participation of older individuals in 11 European countries. The data are drawn from the new Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We examine the value added of objective health indicators in relation to potentially endogenous self-reported health. We approach the e...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1285
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bidding game (BG) method of contingent valuation is one way to increase the precision of willingness to pay (WTP) estimates relative to the single dichotomous choice approach. However, there is evidence that the method may lead to incentive incompatible responses and be associated with starting point bias. While p...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1448
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2008, the Rural Health Project (Health XI) was initiated in 40 Chinese counties to pilot interventions aimed at improving local health systems. Performance targets were pre-specified (results-based), and project counties were allowed to tailor their interventions (bottom-up) in recognition of the substantial region...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3935
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 20 years, acute-care hospitals in most OECD countries have built up costly overcapacities. From the perspective of economic policy, it is desirable to know how hospitals of different ownership forms respond to changes in demand and are probably best suited to deal with existing overcapacities. This artic...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1624
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the 10% to 15% of American married couples who experience reproductive problems, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the leading technologically advanced treatment procedure. However, IVF's expense may prevent many couples from receiving treatment, and those who are treated may take an overly aggressive approach to re...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1776
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sector wide approach (SWAp) emerged during the 1990s as a mechanism for managing aid from the multiplicity of development partners that operate in the recipient country's health, education or agricultural sectors. Health SWAps aim to give increased control to recipient governments, allowing greater domestic influe...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3170
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper discusses the impact of centre selection on the generalisability of randomised controlled trial (RCT)-based economic evaluations and suggests a future research agenda. The first section briefly reviews the current methods for addressing generalisability. We argue that these methods make no verifiable assumpt...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3039
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an increasing use of the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method in health care to estimate preferences of individuals and the public for different services. Despite this increasing use, there are few studies that investigate the validity of the DCE in health. This study investigates the external validity of ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3076
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this paper is to study the impact of risk perception and diagnostic information on medical prevention decisions. The intertemporal preferences of individuals are represented by a model of recursive rank dependent utility, which has the advantage of allowing risk perceptions to vary over time and with ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1822
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Future Elderly Model (FEM) is a microsimulation model designed to forecast health status, longevity, and a variety of economic outcomes. Compared to traditional actuarial models, microsimulation models provide greater opportunities for policy forecasting and richer detail, but they typically build upon smaller sam...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4169
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Authors of benefit-incidence analyses (BIA) have to impute subsidies using assumptions about the relationship between unobserved subsidies 'captured' by the household and what can be observed at the household and aggregate levels. This paper shows that one of the two assumptions used in BIA studies to date will necess...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1727
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide rates for adolescents have doubled since 1970 and tripled since 1960, even as rates for other age groups have declined. Using a Becker-type model of household production and consumption, we demonstrate conditions under which utility maximizing parents allocate time away from time-intensive commodities like chi...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.704
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have seen considerable interest in examining the impact of food prices on food consumption and subsequent health consequences. Fiscal policies targeting the relative price of unhealthy foods are frequently put forward as ways to address the obesity epidemic. Conversely, various food subsidy interventions ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/hec.3107
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::While politics can determine what public goods are available, elected officials must decide on the method of allocation. Commonly, governments provide public health insurance directly or pay private parties to administer it on their behalf. Such contracting can leverage private sector expertise but also raises agency ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4135
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from a survey of 800 managers in 12 industries, we find empirical support for the hypothesis that the cost associated with missed work varies across jobs according to the ease with which a manager can find a perfect replacement for the absent worker, the extent to which the worker functions as part of a tea...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1052
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social accountability programs are increasingly used to improve the performance of public service providers in low-income settings. Despite their growing popularity, evidence on the effectiveness of social accountability programs remains mixed. In this manuscript, we assess the impact of a social accountability interv...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4219
更新日期:2021-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::This research note analyzes differences in the number of absent working days and doctor visits and in their cyclicality between private sector, public sector and self-employed workers. For this purpose, I used large-scale German survey data for the years 1995 to 2007 to estimate random effects negative binomial (count...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.2808
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The causal association between absolute income and health is well-established; however, the relationship between income inequality and health is not. The conclusions from the received studies vary across the region or country studied and/or the methodology employed. Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in A...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.2814
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excess demand is a pervasive feature of health care systems that use global budgets to pay for hospital care, regardless of the amount of money spent by those systems. This paper presents a theory that explains this feature of global budgets. The theory emphasizes that hospital administrators control the allocation of...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199703)6:2<187::aid-hec259
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The self-employed are often reported to be healthier than wageworkers; however, the cause of this health difference is largely unknown. The longitudinal nature of the US Health and Retirement Study allows us to gauge the plausibility of two competing explanations for this difference: a contextual effect of self-employ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3087
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we investigate the determinants of voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) among the over 50s in 11 European countries and their effects on healthcare spending. First, we find that the main determinants of VPHI are different in each country, ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.2800
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health economic decision models are based on specific assumptions relating to model structure and parameter estimation. Validation of these models is recommended as an indicator of reliability, but is not commonly reported. Furthermore, models derived from different data and employing different assumptions may produce...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1444
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper estimates the impact of the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014 on the decision to be self-employed. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we employ two identification strategies. Utilizing prereform variation in state nongroup health insurance market regulations, we find that t...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3500
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate future projections of population health are imperative to plan for the future healthcare needs of a rapidly aging population. Multistate-transition microsimulation models, such as the U.S. Future Elderly Model, address this need but require high-quality panel data for calibration. We develop an alternative me...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3986
更新日期:2020-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical analysis of cost data is often difficult because of highly skewed data resulting from a few patients who incur high costs relative to the majority of patients. When the objective is to predict the cost for an individual patient, the literature suggests that one should choose a regression model based on the...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1099-1050(200007)9:5<397::aid-hec527>3.0.c
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrete-time Markov chains have been successfully used to investigate treatment programs and health care protocols for chronic diseases. In these situations, the transition matrix, which describes the natural progression of the disease, is often estimated from a cohort observed at common intervals. Estimation of the ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.654
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Debate about the monetary value of a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) has existed in the health economics literature for some time. More recently, concern about such a value has arisen in UK health policy. This paper reports on an attempt to 'model' a willingness-to-pay-based value of a QALY from the existing value o...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1416
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies have consistently found the incidence and persistence of depression to be higher among persons with low incomes, but causal mechanisms for this relationship are not well understood. This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to test several hypotheses about the robustness of th...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1011
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00