Designer enediynes generate DNA breaks, interstrand cross-links, or both, with concomitant changes in the regulation of DNA damage responses.

abstract：:Fluorescence photobleaching recovery and immunofluorescence methods have been used to study the lateral mobility and topographical distribution of a major cell surface glycoprotein (CSP). Both endogenous CSP and fluorescent-labeled exogenous CSP bind to the cell surface in a fibrillar pattern and are immobile on the e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schlessinger J,Barak LS,Hammes GG,Yamada KM,Pastan I,Webb WW,Elson EL

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the frequency of integrated viral DNA in the livers of three woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus before and during 30 weeks of therapy with the nucleoside analog L-FMAU [1-(2-fluoro-5-methyl-beta, L-arabinofuranosyl)uracil, clevudine]. We found that although viral covalentl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Summers J,Mason WS

更新日期：2004-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Although still poorly understood, the chemistry that occurs on the surfaces of interstellar dust particles profoundly affects the growth of molecules in the interstellar medium. The most important surface reaction is the conversion of atomic to molecular hydrogen, which is a precursor for all subsequent molecular deve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herbst E,Cuppen HM

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified influenza viral cores catalyze the entire process of viral RNA transcription, which includes the endonucleolytic cleavage of heterologous RNAs containing cap 1 (m(7)GpppNm) structures to generate capped primers 10-13 nucleotides long, the initiation of transcription via the incorporation of a guanosine residu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ulmanen I,Broni BA,Krug RM

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is one of a class of lymphocyte-derived mediator substances (lymphokines) which plays a role in the mechanism of cellular immunity. A variety of other soluble factors produced by non-lymphoid cells have been shown to have effects on macrophage mobility similar to that of MI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoshida T,Bigazzi P,Cohen S

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epidermis and small intestin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitamura T,Seki N,Kihara A

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Relaxin is a member of the insulin family of polypeptides that is best known as a reproductive hormone. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of action of relaxin we previously localized the specific binding sites of a 32P-labeled relaxin in the rat uterus and brain. These studies suggested that, in addition to its ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Osheroff PL,Cronin MJ,Lofgren JA

更新日期：1992-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Through a process called "bioturbation," burrowing macrofauna have altered the seafloor habitat and modified global carbon cycling since the Cambrian. However, the impact of macrofauna on the community structure of microorganisms is poorly understood. Here, we show that microbial communities across bioturbated, but ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deng L,Bölsterli D,Kristensen E,Meile C,Su CC,Bernasconi SM,Seidenkrantz MS,Glombitza C,Lagostina L,Han X,Jørgensen BB,Røy H,Lever MA

更新日期：2020-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned a full-length cDNA coding for human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) from a human liver cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt11. The library was screened by using a rabbit antibody against human ADH as a first probe, by the modified method of Young and Davis [Yo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ikuta T,Fujiyoshi T,Kurachi K,Yoshida A

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:C1q-like genes (C1ql1-C1ql4) encode small, secreted proteins that are expressed in differential patterns in the brain but whose receptors and functions remain unknown. BAI3 protein, in contrast, is a member of the cell-adhesion class of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed at high levels in the brain but who...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bolliger MF,Martinelli DC,Südhof TC

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we demonstrate that near infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy provides unprecedented biochemical information about the extent of atherosclerosis in human aorta. In particular, elastin, collagen, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, lipids, carotenoids, and calcium apatite deposits all can be discern...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baraga JJ,Feld MS,Rava RP

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Native cytochrome c (cyt c) has a compact tertiary structure with a hexacoordinated heme iron and functions in electron transport in mitochondria and apoptosis in the cytoplasm. However, the possibility that protein modifications confer additional functions to cyt c has not been explored. Disruption of methionine 80 (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Godoy LC,Muñoz-Pinedo C,Castro L,Cardaci S,Schonhoff CM,King M,Tórtora V,Marín M,Miao Q,Jiang JF,Kapralov A,Jemmerson R,Silkstone GG,Patel JN,Evans JE,Wilson MT,Green DR,Kagan VE,Radi R,Mannick JB

更新日期：2009-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus anthrax lethal toxin can be engineered to deliver foreign proteins to the cytosol for antigen presentation to CD8 T cells. Vaccination with modified toxins carrying 8-9 amino acid peptide epitopes induces protective immunity in mice. To evaluate whether large protein antigens can be used with this system, rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu Y,Friedman R,Kushner N,Doling A,Thomas L,Touzjian N,Starnbach M,Lieberman J

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:There is no theoretical limit in using molecular networks to harvest diffusive sun photons on large areas and funnel them onto much smaller areas of highly efficient but also precious energy-converting materials. The most effective concept reported so far is based on a pool of randomly oriented, light-harvesting donor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willich MM,Wegener L,Vornweg J,Hohgardt M,Nowak J,Wolter M,Jacob CR,Walla PJ

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord results in permanent loss of structural integrity at the lesion site and of the brain-controlled function distal to the lesion. Some of these consequences were permanently averted by altering the cellular constituents at the lesion site with x-irradiation delivered ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kalderon N,Fuks Z

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmodium vivax uses a single member of the Duffy binding-like (DBL) receptor family to invade erythrocytes and is not found in West Africa where its erythrocyte ligand, the Duffy blood group antigen, is missing. In contrast, Plasmodium falciparum expresses four members of the DBL family, and remarkably, single-point...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mayer DC,Jiang L,Achur RN,Kakizaki I,Gowda DC,Miller LH

更新日期：2006-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of arbuscules in Aglaophyton major, an Early Devonian land plant, provides unequivocal evidence that mycorrhizae were established >400 million years ago. Nonseptate hyphac and arbuscules occur in a specialized meristematic region of the cortex that continually provided new cells for fungal infection. Arb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Remy W,Taylor TN,Hass H,Kerp H

更新日期：1994-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of a study into the molecular basis of attenuation and reversion to neurovirulence in the Sabin poliovirus vaccines, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned DNA copy of the genome of P3/Leon/37, the neurovirulent progenitor of the type 3 Sabin vaccine strain, P3/Leon 12a1b. Comparison o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stanway G,Hughes PJ,Mountford RC,Reeve P,Minor PD,Schild GC,Almond JW

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in mice indicate that the gut microbiota promotes energy harvest and storage from components of the diet when these components are plentiful. Here we examine how the microbiota shapes host metabolic and physiologic adaptations to periods of nutrient deprivation. Germ-free (GF) mice and mice who had received a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crawford PA,Crowley JR,Sambandam N,Muegge BD,Costello EK,Hamady M,Knight R,Gordon JI

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Interindividual differences in hepatic metabolism, which are mainly due to genetic polymorphism in its gene, have a large influence on individual drug efficacy and adverse reaction. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the potential to predict interindividual...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takayama K,Morisaki Y,Kuno S,Nagamoto Y,Harada K,Furukawa N,Ohtaka M,Nishimura K,Imagawa K,Sakurai F,Tachibana M,Sumazaki R,Noguchi E,Nakanishi M,Hirata K,Kawabata K,Mizuguchi H

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:p-Coumaric acid is the precursor of phenylpropanoids, which are plant secondary metabolites that are beneficial to human health. Tyrosine ammonia lyase catalyzes the production of p-coumaric acid from tyrosine. Because of their photosynthetic ability and biosynthetic versatility, cyanobacteria are promising candidates...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xue Y,Zhang Y,Cheng D,Daddy S,He Q

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of amyloid fibers in the brain, which can occur when a protein misfolds into an extended beta-sheet conformation. The nucleation of these beta-sheet aggregates is of particular interest, not only because it is the rate-determining step toward fiber ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Petty SA,Decatur SM

更新日期：2005-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Go is a specific class ("other") of signal-transducing heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that is expressed in high levels in mammalian brain. We have cloned two different rat cDNAs encoding the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha-1 and Go alpha-2) and a human Go alpha chromosomal gene. The human Go alpha gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsukamoto T,Toyama R,Itoh H,Kozasa T,Matsuoka M,Kaziro Y

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dual inactivation of PTEN and INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor genes is a common feature observed in a broad spectrum of human cancer types. To validate functional collaboration between these genes in tumor suppression, we examined the biological consequences of Pten and/or Ink4a/Arf deficiency in cells and mice. Relative t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： You MJ,Castrillon DH,Bastian BC,O'Hagan RC,Bosenberg MW,Parsons R,Chin L,DePinho RA

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Genotype-phenotype relationships are notoriously complicated. Idiosyncratic interactions between specific combinations of mutations occur and are difficult to predict. Yet it is increasingly clear that many interactions can be understood in terms of global epistasis. That is, mutations may act additively on some under...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otwinowski J,McCandlish DM,Plotkin JB

更新日期：2018-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The genomic basis of primate phenotypic uniqueness remains obscure, despite increasing genome and transcriptome sequence data availability. Although factors such as segmental duplications and positive selection have received much attention as potential drivers of primate phenotypes, single-copy primate-specific genes ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tay SK,Blythe J,Lipovich L

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal cycles govern life on earth, from setting the time for the mating season to influencing migrations and governing physiological conditions like hibernation. The effect of such changing conditions on behavior is well-appreciated, but their impact on the brain remains virtually unknown. We investigate long-term ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ray S,Li M,Koch SP,Mueller S,Boehm-Sturm P,Wang H,Brecht M,Naumann RK

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the biologically active mouse mdr1 cDNA clone indicates that the protein is formed by two highly homologous halves, each containing six putative transmembrane domains and a nucleotide-binding site. The duplicated unit shows high sequence homology to the pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raymond M,Gros P

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans shift their gaze to a new location several times per second. It is still unclear what determines where they look next. Fixation behavior is influenced by the low-level salience of the visual stimulus, such as luminance, contrast, and color, but also by high-level task demands and prior knowledge. Under natural ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schütz AC,Trommershäuser J,Gegenfurtner KR

更新日期：2012-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The activated human Ha-ras oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the murine whey acidic protein (Wap) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The Wap-ras gene was stably introduced into the mouse germ line of five transgenic mice (one male and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Andres AC,Schönenberger CA,Groner B,Hennighausen L,LeMeur M,Gerlinger P

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00