Abstract:
:The aim of this study was to examine the survival dynamics of several epidemic healthcare (HA) and community-associated (CA) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in river, sea and swimming pool waters. Six different phage-types of HA-MRSA (Irish 1, Irish 2, EMRSA 15, EMRSA 16, distinct type and non-typable), as well as a community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), were examined in this study. Two strains of each type were examined resulting in a total of 14 organisms being examined. Cells were harvested from overnight cultures of Columbia blood agar (Oxoid) supplemented with 5% [v/v] defibrinated blood to make a 0.5 McFarland inoculum standard. An inoculum of each MRSA isolate was added individually to each water microcosm to give log(10)5 (10(5)) colony forming units (cfu/ml water) and water was stored in the dark at ambient temperature for up to 14 days. Recovery experiments were unable to isolate any of HA- or CA-MRSA in the swimming pool water after 24 h storage. This study demonstrates that all 14 epidemic HA and CA MRSA studied can survive in sea and river water environments up to at least 14 days post inoculation. There was no significant differences in the survival dynamics between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA in any water environment, but all MRSA died off more quickly in river water, compared to sea water, with decimal (D(10)) reduction values of 3.53 and 7.4 days, for river- and sea water, respectively. This study indicates that contaminated sea and river water may serve as potential reservoirs of HA- and CA-MRSA, if such water sources become contaminated with these organisms.
journal_name
Int J Hyg Environ Healthauthors
Tolba O,Loughrey A,Goldsmith CE,Millar BC,Rooney PJ,Moore JEdoi
10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.06.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-01 00:00:00pages
398-402issue
3-4eissn
1438-4639issn
1618-131Xpii
S1438-4639(07)00095-8journal_volume
211pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Refugees from Burma who consume fish caught from local waterbodies have increased risk of exposure to environmental contaminants. We used respondent driven sampling (RDS) to sample this hard-to-reach population for the first Biomonitoring of Great Lakes Populations program. In the current study, we examined ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.04.014
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airborne bioaerosols and Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOC) concentrations were simultaneously monitored at a composting facility and the main determinants of atmospheric concentrations were characterised, in order to help protect workers from potential adverse health effects. Microorganisms and MVOC were sam...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.06.001
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levoglucosan is a sugar anhydride produced by combustion of carbohydrates. In ambient monitoring it serves as an indicator for wood smoke. Its use in human biomonitoring, however, is not yet widespread. This study investigated whether levoglucosan in urine is a suitable biomarker for regional differences in wood smoke...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.05.001
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the accuracy of questions in identifying subjects occupationally exposed to high noise level and those with hearing loss using noise dosimeter and pure-tone air conduction audiometry as the gold standards. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study involving 259 noise-exposed workers selected randomly from ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00291
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we estimated the possibility of using benchmark dose (BMD) to assess the dose-response relationship between vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure and chromosome damage. A group of 317 workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer and 166 normal, unexposed control in Shandong Province northern...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.02.008
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organic solvents utilized in various industrial processes may be associated with hepatotoxicity. The hepatotoxicity of some of the solvents was recognized as early as 1887, 1889 and 1904. Factors contributing to the hepatotoxicity of solvents include 1) species differences, 2) liver blood flow, 3) protein binding, 4) ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00175
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In utero exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been associated with decreases in birth weight. We aimed to estimate the proportion of PFOA-attributable low birth weight (LBW) births and associated costs in the US from 2003 to 2014, a period during which there were industry-initiated and...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.11.004
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reliable safe water supply is a pillar of society and a key to public health. The Nordic countries have an abundance of clean fresh water as a source for drinking water supplies. They have followed developments in safeguarding water, both the recommendations of the World Health Organization framework for safe drinking...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113627
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Swimming pool attendance and exposure to chlorination by-products showed adverse health effects on children. We assessed whether early swimming pool attendance, especially baby swimming, is related to higher rates of early infections and to the development of allergic diseases. In 2003-2005, 2192 children were analyse...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.08.001
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Conflicting evidence concerning possible harm from mercury (Hg) in regard to offspring cognition if the woman eats fish has prompted this study to examine evidence from a British pre-birth cohort to investigate the relationship between the two. METHODS:Pregnant women (median prenatal blood mercury 1.86μg/L)...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.004
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human campylobacteriosis is currently the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis on the island of Ireland, accounting for over 3,000 laboratory reports per year, where circa 2,000 reports originate from the Republic of Ireland and circa 1,000 reports from Northern Ireland. Elsewhere, consumption of conta...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00215
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the concentrations of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs; chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), haloacetic acids (HAAs; dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid), haloacetonitriles (HANs; dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, brom...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.09.005
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urbanization is occurring at an explosive rate, and many cities, especially in low-income countries, are struggling to control growth and stop the development of unplanned communities. This research investigates the in-home environmental health risks associated with planned and unplanned growth in peri-urban communiti...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00314
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Swine confinement buildings in eastern Canada are enclosed and equipped with modern production systems to manage waste. Bioaerosols of these swine confinement buildings could be contaminated by human pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria which could colonize exposed workers. We therefore wanted to analyze bio...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.09.008
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenols and parabens are used in a multitude of consumer products resulting in ubiquitous human exposure. Animal and in vitro studies suggest that exposure to these compounds may be related to a number of adverse health outcomes, as well as potential mediators such as oxidative stress and inflammation. We examined uri...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.11.001
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to characterize the mediator release in the whole blood assay induced by stimulation with an extract of the indoor mold A. versicolor. In addition, the effect of concomitant stimulation with E. coli endotoxin and A. versicolor, and the involvement of the relevant Toll-like receptors were inve...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.11.001
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alongside efforts to improve safe management of feces along the entire sanitation chain, including after the toilet, global sanitation efforts are focusing on universal access 'basic' services: onsite facilities that safely contain excreta away from human contact. Although fecal sludge management is improving in urban...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113433
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multifactorial risk factors are responsible for many diseases. They can be broadly categorized as environmental, genetic and life style factors. Much attention has been focused on the first two categories, e.g. the identification of environmental toxicants/carcinogens and the elucidation of genetic susceptibility to d...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00067
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted cost effectiveness analyses of four different CLTS interventions implemented in Ethiopia and Ghana. In each country, a pilot approach in which additional local actors were trained in CLTS facilitation was compared to the conventional approach. Data were collected using bottom-up costing, household surveys...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113682
更新日期:2020-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we evaluated the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the development of insulin resistance in 10 year old children. Fasting blood samples were collected from 470 children participating in two prospective birth cohorts. Of those 276 were selected populat...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.04.004
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) is a community-level randomized-controlled trial of cookstove interventions for pregnant women and their newborns in rural Ghana. Given that household air pollution from biomass burning may be implicated in adverse cardiovascular outc...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.10.004
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Although studies in western countries suggest that ambient air pollution is positively associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, the upper levels of pollutant exposures have been relatively low, thus eroding confidence in the conclusions. Meanwhile, in Asia, where upper levels of exposure have been greater...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.11.003
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk assessments are important components of the decision making process. At hazardous waste sites, they are used as tools to determine appropriate cleanup levels. Therefore, it is critical that the best up-to-date methods, models, and exposure data are available to the exposure and risk assessor to realistically esti...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00142
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have explored the association between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the association of PFAS with reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults. METHODS:We recruited 540 subjects aged...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.008
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human biomonitoring (HBM) has proven an extremely valuable tool for determining which chemicals are getting into people, detecting trends in population exposures over time, and identifying populations with exposures above background. The potential significance of the HBM data in the context of existing toxicology data...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::After detection of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in drinking water at concentrations up to 0.64 microg/l in Arnsberg, Sauerland, Germany, the German Drinking Water Commission (TWK) assessed perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in drinking water and set for the first time worldwide in June 2006 a health-based guide value for sa...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.05.004
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a large group of different substances used in numerous products to prevent fire hazards. Some of them are persistent in the environment, accumulate in the food chain and are of toxicological concern, while for others current data are limited. Meanwhile, BFRs have been found in ma...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.08.004
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are a growing number of reports on the association between air pollution and the risk of congenital anomalies. However, the results are inconsistent and most studies have only focused on the association of air pollution with congenital heart defects and orofacial clefts. OBJECTIVES:Using an explorator...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.008
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize bioaerosol exposure at workplaces standardized methods are necessary. Activity of endotoxin, one component of organic dust, can be quantified with the Limulus-Amoebocyte Lysat test (LAL test). Further information with respect to pyrogenic activity of the organic dust can be achieved by measuring cytoki...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.03.003
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The objective of the study was to measure the indoor air quality in classrooms with special emphasis on particulate matter (PM 10) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and the impact of cleaning and ventilation. MATERIAL AND METHOD:PM 10 was analysed via gravimetric method and by laser beam technology. CO(2) was anal...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.09.011
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00