Abstract:
:Risk assessments are important components of the decision making process. At hazardous waste sites, they are used as tools to determine appropriate cleanup levels. Therefore, it is critical that the best up-to-date methods, models, and exposure data are available to the exposure and risk assessor to realistically estimate the potential for human and ecological exposures to environmental contaminants. The EPA Exposure Factors Handbook published in 1997 is a tool available to exposure assessors which summarizes statistical data on exposure factors necessary to conduct human health exposure assessments. Since it was first published by EPA in 1989, the handbook has been the primary source of data for human exposure assessments. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the handbook, its impact, applications, discussion about data gaps, and future directions.
journal_name
Int J Hyg Environ Healthauthors
Moya J,Phillips Ldoi
10.1078/1438-4639-00142keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
155-9issue
1-2eissn
1438-4639issn
1618-131Xpii
S1438-4639(04)70140-6journal_volume
205pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Adequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) in schools impacts health, educational outcomes, and gender disparities. Little multi-country research has been published on WaSH in rural schools in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this multi-national cross-sectional WaSH study, we document WaSH access, continuity, qual...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.03.015
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some fragrance compounds are severe contact allergens. According to the so-called "26 allergens rule" (Article 1 (10) of Directive 2003/15/EC) (EC, 2003), 26 supposedly allergenic fragrances must be listed on the containers of cosmetics products if they are present above certain mass percentages in the produ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.04.001
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This publication is a report on the workshop "The use of biomarkers for risk assessment" which took place in November 2007 in Prague, the Czech Republic. The main aim of the workshop was to bring together a broad international audience with a particular interest in the development and application of human biomonitorin...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.05.006
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Air pollution and insufficient physical activity have been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms linked to arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease. There are no studies on how physical activity modifies the association between air pollution and arteria...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.001
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) is a community-level randomized-controlled trial of cookstove interventions for pregnant women and their newborns in rural Ghana. Given that household air pollution from biomass burning may be implicated in adverse cardiovascular outc...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.10.004
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are a growing number of reports on the association between air pollution and the risk of congenital anomalies. However, the results are inconsistent and most studies have only focused on the association of air pollution with congenital heart defects and orofacial clefts. OBJECTIVES:Using an explorator...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.008
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorination of seawater is one of the most effective technologies for industrial biofouling control. However, chlorination leads to the formation of halogenated chlorination byproducts (CBPs) associated with potential risks to environmental and human health. The present study investigated the occurrence and distribut...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.06.008
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently classified glyphosate as a Group 2A 'probably carcinogenic to humans'. Due to this carcinogenic classification and resulting international debate, there is an increased demand for studies evaluating human health effects from glyphosate expos...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.09.004
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reference values (RV95) are statistically derived values comprising the rounded 95th percentiles within the 95% confidence interval and indicate the upper margin of background exposure to chemical substances in a population at a given time period. Based on representative national human biomonitoring data on several ur...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.06.001
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides are persistent organic pollutants that have a widespread distribution in the environment. Human biomonitoring is a suitable tool to assess the burden of humans with these substances. Over a time span of 8 years, a free analysis of their milk was offered to...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.001
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::E-liquids generally contain four main components: nicotine, flavours, water and carrier liquids. The carrier liquid dissolves flavours and nicotine and vaporises at a certain temperature on the atomizer of the e-cigarette. Propylene glycol and glycerol, the principal carriers used in e-liquids, undergo decomposition i...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.004
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with increased cardiovascular outcomes, mediated by a hypothesized biological mechanism of systemic inflammation and oxidation. Although PM10 has been linked to inflammatory markers in a nationally representative sample (NHANES) using ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.12.002
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the accuracy of questions in identifying subjects occupationally exposed to high noise level and those with hearing loss using noise dosimeter and pure-tone air conduction audiometry as the gold standards. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study involving 259 noise-exposed workers selected randomly from ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00291
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine if artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be useful to analyse a complex and large set of data derived from smoking welders for the purpose of finding relationships between parameters describing respiratory system efficiency and antioxidant defence. METHODS:A group of 94 ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.03.004
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Swimming pool attendance and exposure to chlorination by-products showed adverse health effects on children. We assessed whether early swimming pool attendance, especially baby swimming, is related to higher rates of early infections and to the development of allergic diseases. In 2003-2005, 2192 children were analyse...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.08.001
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers are increasingly interested in using human biomonitoring - the measurement of chemicals, their metabolites or specific reaction products in biological specimens/body fluids - for investigating exposure to environmental chemicals. General population human biomonitoring programs are useful for investigating ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.014
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is assumed to be a biomarker of prenatal sex steroid exposure, correlating negatively with prenatal testosterone and positively with prenatal estrogen. The ratio has been suggested to be influenced by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, evidence regarding ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113639
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite increasing concerns about the health effects of climate change, the extent to which workers are affected by hot weather is not well documented. This study aims to investigate the association between high temperatures and work-related injuries using data from a large subtropical city in China. METHOD...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.005
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An elevated frequency of wheezing was found in school children in a rural area of Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany (Duhme and Keil, Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany 1997). In this study the prevalence of wheezing was reinvestigated by including main influencing factors....
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00154
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airborne bioaerosols and Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOC) concentrations were simultaneously monitored at a composting facility and the main determinants of atmospheric concentrations were characterised, in order to help protect workers from potential adverse health effects. Microorganisms and MVOC were sam...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.06.001
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations are exposed to mixtures of pesticides through their diet on a daily basis. The question of which substances should be assessed together remains a major challenge due to the complexity of the mixtures. In addition, the associated risk is difficult to characterise. The EuroMix project (European Test and Risk...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.002
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have explored the association between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the association of PFAS with reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults. METHODS:We recruited 540 subjects aged...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.008
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive aspergillosis of the lungs and the central nervous system and Legionella pneumophilia serotype 1 infection of the lungs were diagnosed in a 22-month old child during inpatient induction treatment for T-lymphoblastic leukemia. Environmental investigations i.e. samples from the hospital water system did not rev...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.002
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levoglucosan is a sugar anhydride produced by combustion of carbohydrates. In ambient monitoring it serves as an indicator for wood smoke. Its use in human biomonitoring, however, is not yet widespread. This study investigated whether levoglucosan in urine is a suitable biomarker for regional differences in wood smoke...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.05.001
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widespread environmental contaminants that are known nephrotoxins. However, their nephrotoxic effects at low-environmental exposure levels are debated. OBJECTIVE:We examined the association of blood Pb (B-Pb), blood Cd (B-Cd), urinary Pb (U-Pb) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) with estim...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.005
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations into disease outbreaks generally incorporate an epidemiologic investigation, laboratory analysis, and an environmental health assessment. This last component is designed to discover connections between factors in the environment and the outbreak, but is often limited, either by time and resources, or th...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.009
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the world's most widespread microorganisms. Its acquisition in humans remains poorly understood, however, epidemiological studies have identified drinking water as reservoir for the bacterium. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection among...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00301
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virulence of Legionella pneumophila strain Monza 3 and Staphylococcus aureus strain Smith diffuse was investigated after sequential cultures on nutrient media. L. pneumophila lost its ability to multiply within Acanthamoeba polyphaga after 50 passages on Legionella selective agar, while S. aureus maintained its pathog...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/S1438-4639(04)70023-1
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Unprotected sun exposure especially during childhood is a risk factor for skin cancer. A combined use of sun protection measures is recommended to protect children. However, the prevalence and determinants for combined use have been scarcely studied in children. The objective of this study was to identify det...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aim to explore the relationships between exposure to dampness, pets, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) early in life and asthma in Taiwanese children, and to discuss their links to early- and late-onset asthma. We conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study from the Taiwan Children Health Study, which was a nati...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.07.004
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00