Abstract：
:Fifteen years elapsed between the discovery of the double helix (1953) and the first DNA sequencing (1968). Modern DNA sequencing began in 1977, with development of the chemical method of Maxam and Gilbert and the dideoxy method of Sanger, Nicklen and Coulson, and with the first complete DNA sequence (phage X174), which demonstrated that sequence could give profound insights into genetic organization. Incremental improvements allowed sequencing of molecules >200 kb (human cytomegalovirus) leading to an avalanche of data that demanded computational analysis and spawned the field of bioinformatics. The US Human Genome Project spurred sequencing activity. By 1992 the first 'sequencing factory' was established, and others soon followed. The first complete cellular genome sequences, from bacteria, appeared in 1995 and other eubacterial, archaebacterial and eukaryotic genomes were soon sequenced. Competition between the public Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics produced working drafts of the human genome sequence, published in 2001, but refinement and analysis of the human genome sequence will continue for the foreseeable future. New 'massively parallel' sequencing methods are greatly increasing sequencing capacity, but further innovations are needed to achieve the 'thousand dollar genome' that many feel is prerequisite to personalized genomic medicine. These advances will also allow new approaches to a variety of problems in biology, evolution and the environment.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Hutchison CA 3rddoi
10.1093/nar/gkm688subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
6227-37issue
18eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
gkm688journal_volume
35pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:Nam8, a component of yeast U1 snRNP, is optional for mitotic growth but required during meiosis, because Nam8 collaborates with Mer1 to promote splicing of essential meiotic mRNAs AMA1, MER2 and MER3. Here, we identify SPO22 and PCH2 as novel targets of Nam8-dependent meiotic splicing. Whereas SPO22 splicing is co-dep...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkq1328
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulation of CLB2 is important both for completion of the normal vegetative cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and for departure from the vegetative cell cycle upon nitrogen deprivation. Cell cycle-regulated transcription of CLB2 in the G2/M phase is known to be brought about by a set of proteins including Mcm1p,...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkg638
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleic acid triplexes may regulate many important biological processes. Persistent accumulation of the oncogenic 7-kb long noncoding RNA MALAT1 is dependent on an unusually long intramolecular triple helix. This triplex structure is positioned within a conserved ENE (element for nuclear expression) motif at the lncRN...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gky1171
更新日期：2019-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible role of LG-1, a Tetrahymena specific HMG protein found in the macronuclear chromatin (Hamana, K. and Iwai, K. (1979) J. Biochem. 86, 789-794), was examined in relation to the chromatin structure. The chromatin isolated from cells synchronized at different stages of the cell cycle contained about one molec...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/8.22.5275
更新日期：1980-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Camptothecin (CPT), a plant alkaloid with antitumor activity, is a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I. We have previously isolated and characterized a CPT-resistant topoisomerase I isolated from a CPT-resistant human leukemia cell line, CPT-K5. cDNA clones of topoisomerase I were isolated from the CP...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/19.1.69
更新日期：1991-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we present the DNA-Binding Site Identifier (DBSI), a new structure-based method for predicting protein interaction sites for DNA binding. DBSI was trained and validated on a data set of 263 proteins (TRAIN-263), tested on an independent set of protein-DNA complexes (TEST-206) and data sets of 29 unbound...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkt617
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cause of 50S ribosomal subunit collapse reportedly triggered by hybridization of a 14-base cDNA probe to the alpha-sarcin region of 23S rRNA was investigated by physical measurement of probe-subunit complexes in varying buffer conditions. The results reported here show that this probe was unable to hybridize to it...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/16.22.10817
更新日期：1988-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The side chains of the 20 types of amino acids, owing to a large extent to their different physical properties, have characteristic distributions in interior/surface regions of individual proteins and in interface/non-interface portions of protein surfaces that bind proteins or nucleic acids. These distributions have ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkm231
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A small library of 49 peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates were synthesized to explore the influence of various peptide side chains on the hybridization properties of the DNA. An invariant 8mer oligonucleotide was coupled to a peptide portion that contained a five residue variable region composed of the cationic amino a...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/26.13.3136
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several restriction endonuclease fragments isolated from highly repetitive satellite DNA of the chromatin eliminating nematode Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum have been cloned. Each type of restriction fragment corresponds to a different variant of the same related ancestral sequence. These variants differ by small del...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/10.23.7493
更新日期：1982-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：:One-Block CYRCA is an automated procedure for identifying multiple-block alignments from single block queries (http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/blocks/OneCYRCA). It is based on the LAMA and CYRCA block-to-block alignment methods. The procedure identifies whether the query blocks can form new multiple-block alignments (bl...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gki488
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently transgenic frog embryos are generated using restriction-enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) on decondensed sperm nuclei followed by nuclear transplantation into unfertilized eggs. We have developed a simplified version of this protocol that has the potential to increase the numbers of normally developing tran...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/28.4.e12
更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to direct antisense oligonucleotides to specific tissues or cell types in vivo, we are exploring the possibility to utilize lipoproteins as transport vehicles. A 16-mer oligonucleotide (ODN) was derivatized at the 5' prime through a 32P phosphate spacer with cholesterol, yielding a 32P-labeled amphiphatic cho...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/19.17.4695
更新日期：1991-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：:PvuRts1I is a prototype for a larger family of restriction endonucleases that cleave DNA containing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) or 5-glucosylhydroxymethylcytosine (5ghmC), but not 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or cytosine. Here, we report a crystal structure of the enzyme at 2.35 Å resolution. Although the protein has bee...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gku186
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nucleotide sequence of Neurospora crassa 5.8 S rDNA and adjacent regions has been determined. The deduced 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Neurospora differs from the 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 13 of 158 residues. Nine of these differences are clustered in a segment capable of forming a short hairpin...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/6.7.2561
更新日期：1979-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Tunable induction of gene expression is an essential tool in biology and biotechnology. In spite of that, current induction systems often exhibit unpredictable behavior and performance shortcomings, including high sensitivity to transactivator dosage and plasmid take-up variation, and excessive consumption of cellular...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gky795
更新日期：2018-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The deoxyoligonucleotide 5' AATCGGGCATGGATT (15-mer) was synthesized containing 12 phosphoramidate linkages derived from 2 primary and 2 secondary amines. The oligonucleotides were purified by reverse phase HPLC and characterized by PAGE. The thermal stability of the duplexes derived from these compounds, when hybridi...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/16.11.4831
更新日期：1988-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In a recent paper we have estimated the total number of protein coding open reading frames (ORFs) in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, based on their properties, at about 4800. This number is much smaller than the 5800-6000 which is widely accepted. In this paper we analyse differences between the set of ORFs with ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/27.17.3503
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overexpression of the flap endonuclease FEN1 has been observed in a variety of cancer types and is a marker for poor prognosis. To better understand the cellular consequences of FEN1 overexpression we utilized a model of its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog, RAD27. In this system, we discovered that flap endonuclease ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gky313
更新日期：2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The Mouse Genome Database (MGD, http://www.informatics.jax.org) is the international community resource for integrated genetic, genomic and biological data about the laboratory mouse. Data in MGD are obtained through loads from major data providers and experimental consortia, electronic submissions from laboratories a...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkr974
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that (i) several RNAs induced by heat shock of Drosophila melanogaster cells are homologous to tandemly repeated alpha beta units found in cloned segments of D. melanogaster DNA, and (ii) the alpha beta sequences are present both at a major heat shock locus, 87Cl, and the chromocenter of po...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/9.20.5297
更新日期：1981-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Available evidence suggests that Mg2+ ions are involved in reactions catalyzed by hammerhead ribozymes. However, the activity in the presence of exclusively monovalent ions led us to question whether divalent metal ions really function as catalysts when they are present. We investigated ribozyme activity in the presen...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkh753
更新日期：2004-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) is an error-prone repair mechanism, which introduces mutations at break sites and contributes to chromosomal translocations and telomere fusions, thus driving carcinogenesis. Mitotic kin...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gky810
更新日期：2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database (http://www.labmed.umn.edu/umbbd/ ) begins its fifth year having met its initial goals. It contains approximately 100 pathways for microbial catabolic metabolism of primarily xenobiotic organic compounds, including information on approximately 650 reacti...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/28.1.377
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct labeling of RNA is an expedient method for labeling large quantities (e.g. micrograms) of target RNA for microarray analysis. We have developed an efficient labeling system that uses T4 RNA ligase to attach a 3'-biotinylated donor molecule to target RNA. Microarray analyses indicate that directly labeled RNA is...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gnh085
更新日期：2004-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The petunia rbcS gene SSU301 was introduced into tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The time at which rbcS expression was maximal after transfer of the tobacco plants to the greenhouse was determined. The expression level of the SSU301 gene varied up to 9 fold between individual tobacco p...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/16.19.9267
更新日期：1988-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 10 years, fluorescent end-labeling of DNA fragments has evolved into the preferred method of DNA detection for a wide variety of applications, including DNA sequencing and PCR fragment analysis. One of the advantages inherent in fluorescent detection methods is the ability to perform multi-color analyses...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/26.11.2797
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic cells possess several distinct mismatch repair pathways. A mismatch can be introduced in retroviral double-stranded DNA by a pre-existing mutation within the primer binding site (PBS) of the viral RNA genome. In order to evaluate mismatch repair of retroviral double-stranded DNA, Moloney leukemia virus (MLV...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/28.12.2302
更新日期：2000-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding kinetics of NF-kappaB p50 to the Ig-kappaB site and to a DNA duplex with no specific binding site were determined under varying conditions of potassium chloride concentration using a surface plasmonresonance biosensor. Association and dissociation rate constants were measured enabling calculation of the di...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/27.4.1063
更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The far upstream region of herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate early (IE) gene 3 has previously been shown to increase gene expression in an enhancer-like manner, and to contain sequences which respond to stimulation of transcription by a virion polypeptide, Vmw65. To analyse the specific DNA sequences which mediate ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/14.2.929
更新日期：1986-01-24 00:00:00
