Abstract:
:The scientific framework concerning estrogen effects on different tissues has expanded enormously during the last decades, when estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes were identified. Estrogens are not only essential for the female reproductive system, but they also control fundamental functions in other tissues including the cardiovascular system, bone, brain and liver. Recently, estrogens have been shown to target the biliary tree, where they modulate the proliferative and secretory activities of cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining bile ducts. By acting on both estrogen receptors (ER-alpha) and (ER-beta) subtypes, and by activating either genomic or non-genomic pathways, estrogens play a key role in the complex loop of growth factors and cytokines, which modulates the proliferative response of cholangiocytes to damage. Specifically, estrogens activate intracellular signalling cascades [ERK(1/2) (extracellular regulated kinases (1/2), PI3- kinase/AKT (phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase/AKT)] typical of growth factors such as insulin like growth factor (IGF1), nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thus potentiating their action. In addition, estrogens stimulate the secretion of different growth factors in proliferating cholangiocytes. This review specifically deals with the recent advances related to the role and mechanisms by which estrogens modulate cholangiocyte functions in normal and pathological conditions.
journal_name
World J Gastroenteroljournal_title
World journal of gastroenterologyauthors
Alvaro D,Mancino MG,Onori P,Franchitto A,Alpini G,Francis H,Glaser S,Gaudio Edoi
10.3748/wjg.v12.i22.3537subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-14 00:00:00pages
3537-45issue
22eissn
1007-9327issn
2219-2840journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of 5 compared to 10 granulocyteaphaeresis sessions in patients with active steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. METHODS:In this pilot, prospective, multicenter randomized trial, 20 patients with moderately active steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis were randomized to 5 or 10 granulocytea...
journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i17.2709
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.2277
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
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doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4870
更新日期:2006-08-14 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2015-02-21 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i45.5773
更新日期:2010-12-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i35.4428
更新日期:2010-09-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i25.3953
更新日期:2006-07-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2529
更新日期:2008-04-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3472
更新日期:2020-06-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.2081
更新日期:2009-05-07 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i42.5353
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i37.4974
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.4392
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i5.1028
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.1925
更新日期:2016-02-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i2.193
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14329
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i3.379
更新日期:2018-01-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-02-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-03-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i11.1675
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-02-28 00:00:00