Maximal functions associated to smooth curves.

abstract：:In this paper we report a time-course study of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats, by monitoring neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis through corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, macrophagic and neuronal nit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calzà L,Giardino L,Pozza M,Micera A,Aloe L

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DG), a reaction catalyzed by DG kinase, may be critical in the termination of effector-induced signals mediated by protein kinase C. Synapsin I is a principal target of intracellular protein kinases and is thought to be involved in the release of neurotransmitter from axon termin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kahn DW,Besterman JM

更新日期：1991-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Phylogenies describe the origins and history of species. However, they can also help to predict species' fates and so can be useful tools for managing the future of biodiversity. This article starts by sketching how phylogenetic, geographic, and trait information can be combined to elucidate present mammalian diversit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davies TJ,Fritz SA,Grenyer R,Orme CD,Bielby J,Bininda-Emonds OR,Cardillo M,Jones KE,Gittleman JL,Mace GM,Purvis A

更新日期：2008-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli phage N4 transcription is resistant to rifampicin, an inhibitor of the host RNA polymerase, even when the drug is added prior to infection. A rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase has been detected in disrupted N4 virions. This enzyme shows a requirement for the four ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Falco SC,Laan KV,Rothman-Denes LB

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TREK channels produce background currents that regulate cell excitability. These channels are sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), phospholipids, mechanical stretch, and intracellular acidification. They are inhibited by neurotransmitters, hormones, and pharmacological ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandoz G,Bell SC,Isacoff EY

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated primarily through the coordinate expression of two proteins, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34). We have used cDNA probes for the human genes encoding these proteins to determine the precise...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lindgren V,Luskey KL,Russell DW,Francke U

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local inhomogeneities in lipid composition play a crucial role in regulation of signal transduction and membrane traffic. Nevertheless, most evidence for microdomains in cells remains indirect, and the nature of membrane inhomogeneities has been difficult to characterize. We used lipid analogs and lipid-anchored prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hao M,Mukherjee S,Maxfield FR

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrofurans, a class of antibacterial drugs in extensive use, interferes with gene expression in a highly specific manner. While in the low dose range (0.5-25 mug/ml), 5-nitro-2-furfurylidene-1-aminohydantoin has no effect on transcription, it inhibits specifically the expression of one class of genes in translation. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herrlich P,Schweiger M

更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells react to extremely small numbers of activating agonist peptides. Spatial organization of T-cell receptors (TCR) and their peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands into microclusters is correlated with T-cell activation. Here we have designed an experimental strategy that enables control over the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Manz BN,Jackson BL,Petit RS,Dustin ML,Groves J

更新日期：2011-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I and type III IFNs bind to different cell-surface receptors but induce identical signal transduction pathways, leading to the expression of antiviral host effector molecules. Despite the fact that type III IFN (IFN-λ) has been shown to predominantly act on mucosal organs, in vivo infection studies have failed to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pott J,Mahlakõiv T,Mordstein M,Duerr CU,Michiels T,Stockinger S,Staeheli P,Hornef MW

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The involvement of epigenetic alterations in mediating effects of estrogens on memory is unknown. The present study determined whether histone acetylation and DNA methylation are critical for the potent estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) to enhance object recognition memory. We show that dorsal hippocampal E(2) infusion...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao Z,Fan L,Frick KM

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) are pentameric oligomers in which binding sites for nicotinic agonists and competitive antagonists are found at selected subunit interfaces. The nAChR spontaneously exists in multiple conformations associated with its activation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaczanowska K,Harel M,Radić Z,Changeux JP,Finn MG,Taylor P

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The fatty acids associated with phospholipids of cell membranes, and particularly their degree of unsaturation, contribute to the fluidity of their structure and hance determine many of their biological properties. We describe a technique for modulating membrane fluidity which consists of hydrogenating the unsaturated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chapman D,Quinn PJ

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fully atomistic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of perfluoroalkylalkane molecules at the surface of water show the spontaneous formation of aggregates whose size and topography closely resemble the experimentally observed hemimicelles for this system. Furthermore, the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silva GMC,Morgado P,Lourenço P,Goldmann M,Filipe EJM

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of proteasome inhibitors to target cancer's dependence on altered protein homeostasis has been greatly limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, we find that those with suppressed expression of one or more 19S proteasome subunits show intrinsic prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsvetkov P,Sokol E,Jin D,Brune Z,Thiru P,Ghandi M,Garraway LA,Gupta PB,Santagata S,Whitesell L,Lindquist S

更新日期：2017-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is well described in model membranes, little is known about phase separation in biological membranes. Here, we provide evidence for a coexistence of at least two different lipid bilayer phases in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Phase connectivity was assessed by measuring long-range diffusi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meder D,Moreno MJ,Verkade P,Vaz WL,Simons K

更新日期：2006-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling through the Toll receptor is required for dorsal/ventral polarity in Drosophila embryos, and also plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the immune response. Upon ligand binding, Toll appears to multimerize and activate the associated kinase, Pelle. However, the immediate downstream targets of Pelle have ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen B,Liu H,Skolnik EY,Manley JL

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to dynamically organize functional nanoparticles (NPs) via the use of environmental triggers (temperature, pH, light, or solvent polarity) opens up important perspectives for rapid and convenient construction of a rich variety of complex assemblies and materials with new structures and functionalities. Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen Y,Wang Z,He Y,Yoon YJ,Jung J,Zhang G,Lin Z

更新日期：2018-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis has an overall error rate of approximately 10(-4) for each mRNA codon translated. The fidelity of translation is mainly determined by two events: synthesis of cognate amino acid:tRNA pairs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and accurate selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) by the ribosome. To e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds NM,Ling J,Roy H,Banerjee R,Repasky SE,Hamel P,Ibba M

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) into larvae of the fly Sarcophaga bullata 3-4 hr before the beginning of puparium formation (red-spiracle stage) greatly accelerates the onset of tanning without affecting initiation of puparium formation (anterior retraction). Accelerated tanning resembles real tanning in two impo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraenkel G,Blechl A,Blechl J,Herman P,Seligman MI

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of Escherichia coli to alkylating agents activates expression of AidB in addition to DNA repair proteins Ada, AlkA, and AlkB. AidB was recently shown to possess a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and to bind to dsDNA, implicating it as a flavin-dependent DNA repair enzyme. However, the molecular mec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bowles T,Metz AH,O'Quin J,Wawrzak Z,Eichman BF

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of heparan sulfate occurs within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex-trans-Golgi network by the concerted action of several glycosyltransferases, an epimerase, and multiple sulfotransferases. In this report, we have examined the location and interaction of tagged forms of five of the bio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pinhal MA,Smith B,Olson S,Aikawa J,Kimata K,Esko JD

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus were supplied with [2-13C, 3-2H]-deoxyxylulose or [2-13C,4-2H]1-deoxyxylulose. Lutein and chlorophylls were isolated from the cell mass, and hydrolysis of the chlorophyll mixtures afforded phytol. Isotope labeling patterns of phytol and lutein were determined by 2H NMR and 1H,2H-de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arigoni D,Eisenreich W,Latzel C,Sagner S,Radykewicz T,Zenk MH,Bacher A

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin recognition complex (ORC) is an essential component of the prereplication complex (pre-RC) in mitotic cell cycles. The role of ORC as a foundation to assemble the pre-RC is conserved from yeast to human. Furthermore, in metazoans ORC plays a key role in determining the timing of replication initiation and o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park SY,Asano M

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and lethal genetic muscle disorder, caused by recessive mutations in the dystrophin gene. One of every 3,500 males suffers from DMD, yet no treatment is currently available. Genetic therapeutic approaches, using primarily myoblast transplantation and adenovirus-medi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang B,Li J,Xiao X

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Identifying causal effects in nonexperimental data is an enduring challenge. One proposed solution that recently gained popularity is the idea to use genes as instrumental variables [i.e., Mendelian randomization (MR)]. However, this approach is problematic because many variables of interest are genetically correlated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiPrete TA,Burik CAP,Koellinger PD

更新日期：2018-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replication inside macrophages. The mechanism by which environmental fungi acquire and maintain virulence for mammalian hosts is unknown. We hypothe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steenbergen JN,Shuman HA,Casadevall A

更新日期：2001-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of dispersal (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larson G,Cucchi T,Fujita M,Matisoo-Smith E,Robins J,Anderson A,Rolett B,Spriggs M,Dolman G,Kim TH,Thuy NT,Randi E,Doherty M,Due RA,Bollt R,Djubiantono T,Griffin B,Intoh M,Keane E,Kirch P,Li KT,Morwood M,Pedriñ

更新日期：2007-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Athymic mice grafted at birth with allogeneic thymic epithelium (TE) from day 10 embryos before hematopoietic cell colonization reconstitute normal numbers of T cells and exhibit full life-long tolerance to skin grafts of the TE haplotype. Intravenous transfers of splenic cells, from these animals to adult syngeneic a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Modigliani Y,Thomas-Vaslin V,Bandeira A,Coltey M,Le Douarin NM,Coutinho A,Salaün J

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an autoshaping experiment, food-deprived pigeons pecked rapidly at a moving dot that preceded the delivery of food. When the moving dot and food were no longer correlated, the rate of pecking dropped nearly to zero. When, subsequently, no food was given, pecking reappeared at a high rate (nearly 200 pecks per min f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Epstein R,Skinner BF

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00