Abstract:
:The ability of observers to perceive distances and spatial relationships in outdoor environments was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their base width. The results of both experiments revealed that there are large individual differences in how observers perceive distances in outdoor settings. The observers' judgments were greatly affected by the particular task they were asked to perform. The observers who had shown no evidence of perceptual distortions in experiment 1 (with binocular vision) demonstrated large perceptual distortions in experiment 2 when the task was changed to match distances in depth to frontal distances perpendicular to the observers' line of sight. Considered as a whole, the results indicate that there is no single relationship between physical and perceived space that is consistent with observers' judgments of distances in ordinary outdoor contexts.
journal_name
Perceptionjournal_title
Perceptionauthors
Norman JF,Crabtree CE,Clayton AM,Norman HFdoi
10.1068/p5304keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
1315-24issue
11eissn
0301-0066issn
1468-4233journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PERCEPTION文献大全abstract::Adaptation and reaction-time techniques were used to examine the role of different spatial-frequency channels in the perception of local and global structure. Subjects were shown figures consisting of a large C composed of smaller Cs and asked to identify the orientation of either the global C or its local elements. P...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p150259
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theory is presented of how a driver might visually control his braking. A mathematical analysis of the changing optic array at the driver's eye indicates that the simplest type of visual information, which would be sufficient for controlling braking and would also be likely to be easily picked up by the driver, is i...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p050437
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than three-quarters of a century ago Wertheimer and Benary demonstrated an ingenious and clear, though, interestingly, small effect: a grey triangle just inside an arm of a black cross on a white background appears slightly lighter than an identical triangle immediately adjacent to the cross, despite both triangl...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p6259
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eye fixation patterns were explored for sixty adult subjects, each of whom viewed one of three stimuli, either in a three-dimensional model format or in a two-dimensional photographic format. The stimuli consisted of one symmetrical and two asymmetrical color representational drawings displayed in the form of a photog...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p200449
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bilateral symmetry is important in many perceptual analyses from low-level figure-ground segmentation to higher-level face and object perception. Despite the success of low-level, image-based symmetry-detection models, these may not provide a complete account of symmetry perception. Better symmetry detection and stron...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p5688
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An experiment is reported in which the attribution of gender to isolated facial features and to faces whose features have been interchanged with those of a face of the opposite gender has been examined. Sixteen male faces were averaged to create a prototype male face and sixteen female faces averaged to create a proto...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p220829
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel child-oriented procedure was used to examine the face-recognition abilities of children as young as 2 years. A recognition task was embedded in a picture book containing a story about two boys and a witch. The story and the task were designed to be entertaining for children of a wide age range. In eight trials...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p3059
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments are reported on the effect of feature masking on judgements of the sex and familiarity of faces. In experiment 1 the effect of masking the eyes, nose, or mouth of famous and nonfamous, male and female faces on response times in two tasks was investigated. In the first, recognition, task only masking of...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p170475
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perception of raised-line pictures in blindfolded-sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and low-vision subjects was studied in a series of experiments. The major aim of the study was to examine the value of perspective drawings for haptic pictures and visually impaired individuals. In experiment 1, subjects felt tw...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p3253
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular xenon flashes were used to evoke average EEG potentials while blank, dot or grid targets were shown simmultaneously in ten dichoptic stimulus conditions, either continuously illuminated (added to the flashes, or contraocularly), or presented only by the flashes. Mean evoked-EEG-potential waveforms over repea...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p060077
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human observers can correctly attribute changes in the appearance of a scene either to changes in the incident light or to changes in the spectral-reflectance properties of the scene. This ability was assessed as a function of the time course of illuminant and spectral-reflectance changes. Observers were presented wit...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p250221
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new visual illusion is presented. When two neon-coloured illusory bands overlap each other, the filling-in at the region of overlap is perceived as different from those of the overlapping bands, resulting in an additional illusory shape at the region of overlap. An experiment with ten naïve participants was performe...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p3118
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between apparent size and apparent distance is given by Emmert's law, which states that a retinal image is proportional in size to the distance of the surface it is projected upon. This principle also applies to retinal afterimages in that they, too, will change in apparent size if distance cues sugge...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p3038
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perception of intentions and dispositions of others is an essential ingredient of adaptive daily-life social behaviour. Dynamics of moving images leads to veridical perception of social attributes. Anecdotal observations in art, science, and popular culture indicate that dynamic imbalance can be revealed in static ima...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p5400
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we examined ascription of bizarreness to faces in a ratings task by children aged 8-10 and 11-13 years, and by adults. Configural information was manipulated subtly (a single eye was inverted) or in a more salient manner (eye and mouth were inverted). By utilizing brief presentations we restricte...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1068/p6092
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the dynamic visual noise of an untuned television set is viewed with image defocusing (positive lenses) and with a narrow vertical obstruction partially blocking the pupil of one eye, the video 'snow' seems to separate into two stable surfaces at different depths, divided by a vertical discontinuity. The main fea...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p130547
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been shown that when a moving and a stationary display are superimposed, illusory self-rotation (circular vection) is induced only when the moving display appears as the background. Three experiments are reported on the extent to which illusory forward self-motion (forward vection) induced by a loomi...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p170005
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Almost a hundred years ago, the Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov conducted his now famous editing experiment in which different objects were added to a given film scene featuring a neutral face. It is said that the audience interpreted the unchanged facial expression as a function of the added object (e.g., an added sou...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0301006616682754
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of visual movement on saccadic eye movement have been examined. In a classic apparent-movement demonstration with two successively exposed line-segment targets the quality of the movement is dependent on the relative orientation of the line segments. If saccadic eye movements are elicited between the targe...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p120035
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When viewing two conflicting stimuli in a stereoscope, males reported seeing objects significantly more often than human figures. The opposite effect was observed in females. ...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p060691
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The face inversion effect is considered by some as a marker ofholistic or configural processing. In an effort to understand the relations between object orientation and the use of configuration for recognition, we explored the extent to which the combination of information across discrete, spatially separated object f...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p7610
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Boselie and Leeuwenberg (1986) recently defended their version of the minimum principle, called structural information theory or SIT, against a varied set of criticisms. Two of the most notable of these criticisms are (i) that perceptual organization can proceed as a piecemeal, rather than as a global, process (as dem...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p180105
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since most natural surfaces are complex and vary in amplitude and spatial frequency, it might be interesting to consider gratings not in the spatial domain, but in the spatial-frequency domain. Detection thresholds for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) in sinusoidal gratings were measured for sev...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p3366
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between expectation-induced hallucination proneness and self-confidence in performance was studied in a visual perception task. Participants were prompted either to recognize briefly shown faces as male or female or to rate the subjective vividness of a square surrounding the face. Importantly, in a f...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0301006620954322
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of landmark information in a route-navigation task has been investigated in a virtual environment. After learning a route, subjects were released at intermediate points along the route and asked to indicate the next movement direction required to continue the route. At each decision point, three landmarks were...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p2865
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embodied cognition and perceptual symbol theories assume that higher cognition interacts with and is grounded in perception and action. Recent experiments have shown that language processing interacts with perceptual processing in various ways, indicating that linguistic representations have a strong perceptual charac...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p7010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data show that psychosocial factors affect visual perception. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the relationship between affective closeness and the perception of apertures between two people. People feel discomfort when they are near someone they are not affectively close to. Therefore, we predict tha...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p6830
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detectability of pairs of flashed lines was investigated as a joint function of their separation in both space and time. In contrast to previous studies of contrast interactions as a function of either spatial or temporal separation alone, the predominant interaction is not lateral inhibition, but a delayed facili...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p150443
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of apparent depth features and the proximity of the test lines to the adjacent contours in the actuation of the Ponzo illusion was examined. Six versions of the Ponzo figure were employed: a standard Ponzo figure and five modified figures in which the test lines varied in orientation (horizontal or vertical) ...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p070047
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stereoscopic illusion is produced by manipulating the binocular disparity of the irises in stereo pairs of human faces. These stimuli elicit unnatural percepts of the irises popping out of the face or sinking in inside the head. ...
journal_title:Perception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1068/p270627
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00