Abstract:
:The present study was designed to investigate the hepatic disposition of the prodrug AM365 and the generated antiviral guanosine analogue, AM188 in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPL). The livers of rats (n=12) were isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit pH 7.4 buffer to which AM365 was added as a bolus to achieve an initial perfusate concentration of 22.4 micromol/L. During the 120-min period after administration of AM365, bile was collected in 10-min intervals and perfusate was collected at the mid-point of these intervals. Concentrations of AM365 and AM188 in perfusate and bile were quantified by HPLC. Following administration of AM365, its concentration in perfusate declined and the concentration of AM188 increased; the sum of the molar concentrations remained constant. The clearance and hepatic extraction ratio of AM365 were 3.3+/-2.4 mL/min and 0.110+/-0.079, respectively. The cumulative amount of AM365 excreted in bile during the 120-min perfusion period was approximately 0.21% of the bolus dose, and 0.36% of the total amount of AM365 cleared by the liver during the period. The cumulative amount of AM188 excreted in bile was about 0.48% of the total amount of AM188 formed during the perfusion period. In conclusion, AM365 was metabolised to AM188, which appeared to be the only metabolite and was not further biotransformed. The biliary excretion of AM365 and AM188 was negligible.
journal_name
Curr Drug Metabjournal_title
Current drug metabolismauthors
Wang J,Nation RL,Evans AM,Cox S,Shackleford Ddoi
10.2174/138920005774330611keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-01 00:00:00pages
487-93issue
5eissn
1389-2002issn
1875-5453journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Bioequivalence studies are a vital part of drug development. The average bioequivalence approach is the standard method of assessment to conclude whether the generic product is bioequivalent to the innovator product. Of late, debates are on whether the average bioequivalence approach adequately addresses dru...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2174/1389200221666200401105119
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450s (P450 or CYPs) comprise a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide variety of xenobiotic chemicals. Although most of P450 inhibitors decrease the metabolic activities mediated by the corresponding P450 forms, unexpected phenomena, which are called as activation or heterotropic coop...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920008784746364
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Painful peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of the antitumor drug oxaliplatin. The main symptoms of neuropathy: tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia, appear in more than 80% of patients on oxaliplatin therapy and are due to the overexpression of neuronal sodium channels (Navs) and neur...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389200221666200711155632
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to develop and improve methods for phenotyping of CYP2E1, an important enzyme in the biotransformation of many industrial chemicals, therapeutic drugs and endogenous substances. The possibility to measure CYP2E1 activity in lymphocytes by using p-nitrophenol as a substrate and CYP2E1 p...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920007780866843
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is well known that ethanol can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and much of the related toxic effects can be explained by its metabolic profile. OBJECTIVE:This work performs a complete review of the metabolism of ethanol focusing on both major and minor metabolites. METHOD:An exhaustive litera...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160125113806
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug metabolite identification and metabolic characteristics analysis play a crucial role in new drug research and development, because they can lead to varied efficacy, severe adverse reactions, and even toxicity. Classical methodologies for metabolite identification have mainly been based on mass spectrometry (MS) c...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200216666141230105649
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The M2 proton channel is translated by the M gene segment of influenza viruses, and has been adopted as an attractive target for influenza A viruses, on which a series of adamantane-based drugs act. However, recently epidemic influenza viruses have had strong resistant effects against the adamantane-based drugs. In th...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200215666140605130406
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Various transporters, including efflux transporters and uptake transporters, play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Currently, studies suggest that several antibiotics also serve as substrates for transporters. In addition, these antibiotics are usually combined with other drugs to treat di...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160629114449
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combined treatment with anticonvulsant and antidepressant drugs is reported in both neurologic and psychiatric practice; it is, therefore, evident that the issue of managing such type of polytherapy is frequently encountered by clinicians. To review current literature on pharmacokinetic interactions between antico...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920008786049311
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ageing is characterized by a progressive decline in the functional reserve of multiple organs and systems, which can influence drug disposition. In addition, comorbidity and polypharmacy are highly prevalent in the elderly. As ageing is associated with some reduction in first-pass metabolism, bioavailability of a few ...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920011796504527
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral administration remains the most preferred route for the treatment of many diseases due to its convenience and adaptability. However, the presystemic metabolism may be an important barrier that prevents lipophilic drugs from achieving their pharmacological effects following oral delivery. Nano-based drug delivery ...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920012802850100
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in high-throughput technologies to measure genome-scale changes of genes, proteins, and other biomolecular components ('omics') in complex biological systems have dramatically revolutionized biomedical research. However, the benefits of utilizing omics information in drug development have not yet been fully r...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920008786927802
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early understanding of the metabolic pathway and potential interaction of new drug candidates with other drugs is one of the goals of preclinical studies in the drug discovery process. Although other body organs are involved in drug biotransformation, the liver is the predominant organ of metabolism for a wide range o...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920012798918426
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical studies during pregnancy are rare due to ethical and practical limitations. Giving pregnant females the same dosing regimen used in adult males or nonpregnant females is inappropriate. Pregnancy physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling is a powerful tool that can be used to refine pharmacother...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200219666180702104034
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of culture duration on the gene expression of P450 isoforms, uptake transporters and efflux transporters in human hepatocyte cultured in the absence and presence of the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6). Primary collagen-matrigel sandwi...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920012802138570
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite major advances in transplant medicine, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) continues to have severe clinical implications and adversely affect graft survival. Therefore, the search for alternative drugs to treat AMR is widely pursued. The first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ) is a selecti...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200218666171121100716
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasopressin (AVP) and its receptors play a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. As a consequence, the vasopressin system has emerged as an important target for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in a number of medical conditions. Stoichiometric g...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200218666170119145900
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gold nanoparticles have been exploited for nanobiotechnology applications for the last two decades. New insights of the nanomaterials as promising agent for cancer diagnosis and therapy have just started to emerge. Due to the size- and shape-dependent optical, electrical and thermal properties, gold nanopart...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200218666170925122513
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transporters for organic anions and organic cations in kidney, liver, intestine, brain, and placenta play essential roles in drug disposition. The cloning and characterization of these transporters have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the drug disposition process. T...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200043489207
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucuronidation represents a major pathway which enhances the elimination of many lipophilic xenobiotics and endobiotics to more water-soluble compounds. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family catalyzes the glucuronidation of the glycosyl group of a nucleotide sugar to an acceptor compound (aglycone) at a nucleo...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200003339171
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Graphene and its modified nano-composites have gained much attention in recent times in cancer therapy as nanotheranostics due to low production cost, ease in synthesis and physicochemical properties (ultra-large surface area with planar structure and π-π conjugation with the unsaturated and aromatic drugs/biomolecule...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200215666141125120633
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biochemical activities of plant flavonoids and stilbenoids point to many health-related applications, hampered however by a low bioavailability associated with rapid metabolic modification. A possible approach to overcome this obstacle is the development of prodrugs. In this review we provide some background infor...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200214666131211160005
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nobel laureate Sir James Black's molecule, propranolol, still has broad potential in cardiovascular diseases, infantile haemangiomas and anxiety. A comprehensive and systematic review of the literature for the summarization of pharmacokinetic parameters would be effective to explore the new safe uses of prop...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389200221666200414094644
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The metabolic/biotransformation pathways of atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole, clozapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone) have been characterized and reviewed. However, comparisons of excretory pathways remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the excretio...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920010791636202
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the advances in recombinant DNA biotechnology, molecular biology and immunology, the number of biotech drugs, including peptides, proteins and monoclonal antibodies, available for clinical use has dramatically increased in recent years. Although pharmacokinetic principles are equally applicable to the large molec...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920009789895499
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is a growing demand for assessment of the toxicological effects of nano materials to humans and other biological systems. And a predictive toxicology approach that uses in vitro screening assays in conjunction with in vivo study results are widely em...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200216666151015113720
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human genome sequencing highlights the involvement of genetic variation towards differential risk of human diseases, presence of different phenotypes, and response to pharmacological elements. This brings the field of personalized medicine to forefront in the era of modern health care. Numerous recent approaches have ...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160804150959
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thiopurine antimetabolites are important agents for the treatment of severe diseases, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Their pharmacological actions depend on biotransformation into active thioguanine-nucleotides; intracellular metabolism is mediated by enzymes of the salv...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160303104153
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge regarding cytochrome P450 (P450) is crucial to the fields of drug therapy and drug development, as well as in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the metabolic activation of potentially toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Escherichia coli is the most extensively utilized host in the production of re...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920006776873472
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prolonged circulation time of nanoparticles in the blood is a prerequisite to realize a controlled and targeted (passive or active targeting) release of the encapsulated gene/drug at the desired site of action. The most popular method to mask or camouflage nanoparticles is the adsorbed, grafted or conjug...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200219666171207120643
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00