Abstract:
BACKGROUND:It is well known that ethanol can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and much of the related toxic effects can be explained by its metabolic profile. OBJECTIVE:This work performs a complete review of the metabolism of ethanol focusing on both major and minor metabolites. METHOD:An exhaustive literature search was carried out using textual and structural queries for ethanol and related known metabolizing enzymes and metabolites. RESULTS:The main pathway of metabolism is catalyzed by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase, which exhibits multiple isoenzymes and genetic polymorphisms with clinical and forensic implications. Another two oxidative routes, the highly inducible CYP2E1 system and peroxisomal catalase may acquire relevance under specific circumstances. In addition to oxidative metabolism, ethanol also originates minor metabolites such as ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, ethyl phosphate, ethyl nitrite, phosphatidylethanol and fatty acid ethyl esters. These metabolites represent alternative biomarkers since they can be detected several hours or days after ethanol exposure. CONCLUSION:It is expected that knowing the metabolomics of ethanol may provide additional insights to better understand the toxicological effects and the variability of dose response.
journal_name
Curr Drug Metabjournal_title
Current drug metabolismauthors
Dinis-Oliveira RJdoi
10.2174/1389200217666160125113806subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
327-35issue
4eissn
1389-2002issn
1875-5453pii
CDM-EPUB-73206journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Knowledge regarding cytochrome P450 (P450) is crucial to the fields of drug therapy and drug development, as well as in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the metabolic activation of potentially toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Escherichia coli is the most extensively utilized host in the production of re...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920006776873472
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Part I of this article published in the previous issue of Current Drug Metabolism discussed the substrate specificity, inhibitor selectivity and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of human CYP2C9. The features of CYP2C9 pharmacophore and SAR models have been elaborated. Part II of this article will address the homo...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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abstract::For the pharmaceutical industry, one of the challenges in evaluating the risk of future compound attrition at the discovery stage is the successful prediction of the major routes of clearance in humans. For compounds cleared by metabolism, such information will help to avoid the development of compounds that will exhi...
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Kidney dysfunction resulting from various drugs is an important issue during the drug development process. Traditional in vivo animal experiments are limited with respect to evaluating drug efficacy and nephrotoxicity due to discrepancies in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between humans and anima...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early understanding of the metabolic pathway and potential interaction of new drug candidates with other drugs is one of the goals of preclinical studies in the drug discovery process. Although other body organs are involved in drug biotransformation, the liver is the predominant organ of metabolism for a wide range o...
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更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used drugs which have high availability in reducing the activity of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, therefore they play an indispensable role in the treatment of Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib have been proved to have absolute bioavaila...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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doi:10.2174/1389200218666170116113705
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
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abstract::A number of studies have appeared recently on the underlying mechanisms of liposome-cell interactions under in vitro conditions, in which isolated cell populations or cell lines were used. However, our knowledge of how liposomes interact with cells and the parameters that influence this in vivo is limited. We will sum...
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更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin continued to be the mainstay of therapeutic regimens in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). For this reason, pharmacokinetic and metabolism of these drugs were analyzed and the identification of accurate and validated predictive, prognostic and toxicity markers became necessary ...
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更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatotoxicity related to antidepressive pharmacotherapy is a major safety concern, particularly considering that severe forms of hepatic failure with fatal outcome have been reported. Severe hepatotoxic adverse drug reactions were also reported for agomelatine (AGM), an antidepressive agent, which was approved for th...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters play key roles in drug disposition and drug interactions. The alterations of their expression will influence drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, the changes in the expression of enzymes and transporters in the disease state are still unclear. OBJEC...
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are several clinically useful endoperoxides, mainly artemisinin derivatives available in market for the treatment of malaria. These are highly potent drugs, with fastest parasite reduction ratio, broadest parasite stage specificity and effectiveness against all species of plasmodium in human. Endoperoxides are c...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00