Abstract:
:Glucuronidation represents a major pathway which enhances the elimination of many lipophilic xenobiotics and endobiotics to more water-soluble compounds. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family catalyzes the glucuronidation of the glycosyl group of a nucleotide sugar to an acceptor compound (aglycone) at a nucleophilic functional group of oxygen (eg, hydroxyl or carboxylic acid groups), nitrogen (eg, amines), sulfur (eg, thiols), and carbon, with the formation of a beta-D-glucuronide product. At this time, over 35 different UGT gene products have been described from several different species. UGTs have been divided into two distinct subfamilies based on sequence identities, UGT1 and UGT2. The UGT1 gene subfamily consists of a number of UGTs that result from alternate splicing of multiple first exons and share common exons 2-5. The substrate specificities of the various isoforms have been examined in cultured cell experiments, and include bilirubin, amines, and planar and bulky phenol. The UGT2 gene family is different in that the UGT2 mRNAs are transcribed from individual genes. The UGT2 subfamily consists of numerous enzymes which catalyze the glucuronidation of a diverse chemical base including steroids, bile acids, and opioids. Until recently, the liver has been the major focus for studying the metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Several groups have identified extrahepatic tissues that express UGT isoforms including the kidney, gastrointestinal tract and brain. This review discusses the two UGT gene families, substrate specificities, and the recent discoveries of UGTs in extrahepatic tissues.
journal_name
Curr Drug Metabjournal_title
Current drug metabolismauthors
King CD,Rios GR,Green MD,Tephly TRdoi
10.2174/1389200003339171keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-01 00:00:00pages
143-61issue
2eissn
1389-2002issn
1875-5453journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::L-Carnitine has important roles in intermediary metabolism and patients with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing hemodialysis may develop a secondary L-carnitine deficiency. The extent of accumulation of the metabolites trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide when L-carnitine is administered orally has not be...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920006778520561
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920008786049311
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200219666180702104034
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920009787846323
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200033489532
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200219666180309101844
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Because of the high affinity of these animal neurotoxin proteins for some special target site, they were usually used as pharmacological tools and therapeutic agents in medicine to gain deep insights into the function of the nervous system. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The animal neurotoxin proteins are one of the mo...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389200221666200520090555
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920009789895499
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160629114449
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increasing incidences of type 2 diabetes make it necessary to have a better understanding of the risk factors for its prediction. Taking a note of resilience in risk factors, dynamics of the emerging factors other than traditional ones are showing a great interest in recent years which imprints a significant...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200219666180628170431
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuropsychiatric diseases primarily characterized by dementia stand third in the global list of diseases causing disability. The poor water solubility, erratic oral absorption, low bioavailability, poor intestinal absorption, and the impeding action of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are the major factors limi...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1573399816666200627214129
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160125113806
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389200217666160804150959
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920010794233495
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920012802138615
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920012802850100
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioavailability of orally administered drugs can be influenced by a number of factors including release from the formulation, dissolution, stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment, permeability through the gut wall and first-pass gut wall and hepatic metabolism. Although there are various enzymes in the gut ...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920010794328913
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatotoxicity related to antidepressive pharmacotherapy is a major safety concern, particularly considering that severe forms of hepatic failure with fatal outcome have been reported. Severe hepatotoxic adverse drug reactions were also reported for agomelatine (AGM), an antidepressive agent, which was approved for th...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 社论
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current drug metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389200220666190321142417
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00