Abstract:
BACKGROUND:In several instances, the diagnosis of brain death has been questioned due to the presence of movements. This case report and review of the literature illustrates the spectrum of movements that have been encountered in brain death. METHODS:A case report and review of the literature on movements seen in brain death was conducted. RESULTS:Movements in brain death are common and have a wide range of phenomenology. Several movements wax and wane over time, making movements in brain death difficult to classify. In addition, varying terminology has been used (e.g., Lazarus sign, spinal man, spinal reflexes, spinal automatisms). Although evidence points to a spinal origin for such movements, the pathophysiology in many cases remains speculative. Characteristics of movements in brain death have been identified that can help differentiate them from brainstem or voluntary origin. CONCLUSIONS:Based on our review, we suggest referring to stimulus-provoked movements as reflexes and spontaneous movements as automatisms. We propose using the terms brain death-associated reflexes and brain death-associated automatisms as two main categories for movements that occur in brain death. These terms do not imply a specific pathophysiology, but consistent clinically oriented nomenclature may be useful when reporting such phenomena.
journal_name
Neurocrit Carejournal_title
Neurocritical careauthors
Jain S,DeGeorgia Mdoi
10.1385/NCC:3:2:122keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
122-6issue
2eissn
1541-6933issn
1556-0961pii
NCC:3:2:122journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:There are some intracranial insults which are associated with cardiac abnormalities. Studies of these abnormalities have never been carried out in elective intracranial neurosurgery for the removal of brain tumors. Our prospective study aims at quantifying serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal pro-b...
journal_title:Neurocritical care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-012-9684-2
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was chosen as an Emergency Neurological Life Support topic due to its frequency, the impact of early intervention on outcomes for patients with TBI, and the need for an organized approach to the care of such patients within the emergency setting. This protocol was designed to enumerate the...
journal_title:Neurocritical care
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更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1385/NCC:5:1:21
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Neurocritical care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-010-9403-9
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-009-9206-z
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-019-00870-w
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1385/ncc:6:1:40
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-014-9953-3
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-007-0019-7
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-008-9178-4
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-014-9968-9
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurocritical care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12028-008-9076-9
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurocritical care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-016-0270-x
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurocritical care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurocritical care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12028-015-0237-3
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00