Abstract：
:Separation of male and female soft tissue depths into discrete groups for craniofacial identification implies that males and females differ enough from each other, with respect to this application, for this distinction to be useful. In this study, previously published soft tissue depth data were analyzed for sex separation. It was found that the variation within each sex was large while the variation between the sexes was small. Often the value of two standard deviations of the measurement for either sex was larger than the difference displayed between the means of each sex. Furthermore, opposite sex overlap in regions defined to be close to the male or female mean were found to be large and the amount of variance explained by sex was small (less than 6% on average). These results indicate that while male and female means at single craniofacial landmarks may differ slightly, and even at statistically significant levels, individual male and female soft tissue depths are often the same or very similar. On average, soft tissue depths of the face do display some sexual dimorphism but it is not marked and of little practical meaning for craniofacial identification where a single individual must be independently considered. Thus, there is little use in separate reporting of data for males and females and data should be combined to increase sample sizes.
journal_name
J Forensic Scijournal_title
Journal of forensic sciencesauthors
Stephan CN,Norris RM,Henneberg Mkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-01 00:00:00pages
513-8issue
3eissn
0022-1198issn
1556-4029journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to genotype forensic short tandem repeat (STR) markers for individual identification and kinship analysis. STR data from several NGS platforms have been published, but forensic application trials using the Ion S5™ XL system have not been reported. In this work, we report ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13767
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13637
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00467.x
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.14247
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13625
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.14101
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