Abstract：
:Extrapituitary expression of the growth hormone (GH) gene has been reported for the immune system of various vertebrates. In the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), GH mRNA could be detected in several lymphoid organs and leucocytes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To understand the control of GH expression in the fish immune system, mRNA levels for two distinct GH genes (GH1 and GH2) in trout leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood were quantified using a real-time PCR method. Both GH mRNAs could be detected in trout leucocytes, although their levels were extremely low compared to those in pituitary cells. The levels of GH2 mRNA in leucocytes were several times higher than those of GH1, while no difference was observed between GH1 and GH2 mRNA levels in the pituitary. Administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and cortisol produced a significant elevation of GH mRNA levels in trout leucocytes, although the levels were unchanged by T3. GH1 and GH2 mRNA levels showed similarities in responses to those factors. The effect of cortisol on GH mRNA appears biphasic; a dose-depending elevation of GH gene expression was observed in leucocytes treated with cortisol at below 200 nM, however, cortisol had no effect at 2000 nM. Cortisol-treated leucocytes showed no significant change in the mRNA level of beta-actin or proliferative activity during the experiments. Our results thus show that, at the low levels, GH gene expression in trout leucocytes is regulated by cortisol, which has been known as a regulatory factor of GH gene expression in pituitary cells, and suggest a physiological significance of paracrine GH produced in the fish immune system.
journal_name
Gen Comp Endocrinoljournal_title
General and comparative endocrinologyauthors
Yada T,Muto K,Azuma T,Hyodo S,Schreck CBdoi
10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.01.008keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-15 00:00:00pages
248-55issue
1-2eissn
0016-6480issn
1095-6840pii
S0016-6480(05)00011-0journal_volume
142pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In teleost fish, the predominant brain form of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450aromB) is a neural marker of estrogen effect, and an entry point for studying the role of hormonal and environmental estrogens on neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. As part of a project using zebrafish to investigate these issues, we deve...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.007
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.12.010
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113214
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.014
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(87)90132-8
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.009
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muskrat is a seasonal breeder, males of which secret musk from paired perineal scented glands found beneath the skin at the ventral base of the tail for attracting female during the breeding season. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes of expression of androgen receptor (AR) in the scented gla...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.031
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.09.014
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormalities in calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis are reported in horses with several pathological conditions; however, there is little information on Ca(2+) regulation in horses. The objectives of the present study were to determine the Ca(2+) set-point in healthy horses, to determine whether the Ca(2+)/parathyroid hormo...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00621-4
更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2003.12.020
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.011
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(89)80038-3
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1996.0103
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress impaired sperm function might lead to infertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of altered thyroid hormone levels on regulation of mitochondrial glutathione redox status and its dependent antioxidant defense system in adult rat testis and their correlation with testicular fu...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.014
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammals generally respond to the important metabolic requirements imposed by thermoregulation and pregnancy by increasing plasma concentrations of glucocorticoid that promote the mobilization of body reserves and enhance energy use by tissues. This study examined the impact of distinct ambient temperatures and reprodu...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.007
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of corticosteroid hormones in fish are mediated through intracellular receptors that act as ligand-binding transcription factors. Many studies have been devoted to cortisol binding using radiolabeled ligand in fish and allowed characterization of a single class of high affinity binding sites in various tiss...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.01.015
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Hexapoda consists of two classes, the Entognatha and the Insecta, with the former group considered basal to the latter. The Protura is a basal order within the Entognatha, the members of which are minute soil dwellers first identified in the early 20th century. Recently, a transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) was ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.015
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.010
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Sphaeroma serratum, the differentiation of the male external sexual characteristics, as a result of an androgenic gland implant, proceeds more easily in females in vitellogenesis than in immature females. On the contrary, the transformation of the gonads is quicker and more obvious in immature females than in matur...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(83)90250-2
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1993.1050
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.11.009
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rostral pars distalis (RPD), containing mainly prolactin (PRL)-secreting cells, of the pituitary from immature and mature tilapia was incubated for 16 hr at 27 degrees in hypoosmotic medium (300 mOsm/kg) in the presence (10(-8) and 10(-11) M) or absence of the human GnRH-associated peptide (GAP) molecule, a potent...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(90)90228-e
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to investigate potential effects of arachidonic acid (ARA) on the reproductive physiology of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Two-year old Atlantic cod of both sexes were equally distributed into eight sea cages after completion of their first spawning in May 2005. Four experimenta...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.020
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In most vertebrates, sex steroids play a critical role in gonadal development, maturation of germ cells, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. Sex steroids are synthesized in steroid-producing cells (SPCs) in the testis known as Leydig cells, as well as in thecal and granulosa cells in the ovary. In SPC...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.01.019
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To design a homologous bioassay for the molt-inhibiting hormone and the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei, the effect of sinus gland homogenate (SGh), in vitro, on ecdysteroid production by Y-organs (YOs), and the effect of the injection of SGh, in vivo, on the glycemia of shrimps have be...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1996.0092
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.03.011
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide) is widely distributed neuropeptide acting via three subtypes of receptors, PAC(1), VPAC(1) and VPAC(2). Here we examined the localisation and nature of PACAP-immunoreactive nerves in the rat thyroid and parathyroid glands and defined the distribution of PAC(1)...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.11.026
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)), the principal thyroid hormones (THs) secreted from the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, produce a plethora of physiologic actions in fish. The diverse actions of THs in fishes are primarily due to the sensitivity of thyroid axis to many physical, chemical and bio...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.023
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels from mature female turkeys were determined following ovariectomy and daily subcutaneous injections for 4 or 9 days of 0.002-2.0 mg/kg estradiol benzoate (EB), 0.05-2.0 mg/kg progesterone (P), or their combinations. Serum PRL levels were increased (P less than 0...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(83)90159-4
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
