Abstract:
:The prevalence of the use in Brazil of illicit drugs, as well as of alcohol and tobacco, was determined. Further, illicit use of psychotropic medicines, and anabolic steroids were also surveyed. This study was carried out in 107 Brazilian cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants aged 12-65 years. The sampling design adopted was that of sampling per aggregates in three stages: first, the census sectors were selected; second, homes were selected among the sectors; finally, in each home, a respondent was selected in a manner independent of the interviewer. There were 8589 persons interviewed. The questionnaire utilized was that of the SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) which was translated and adapted for Brazilian conditions. The lifetime use of alcohol in the 107 major cities of the country was 68.7%, which was close to numbers observed for Chile at 70.8% and the USA at 81.0%. Yet, tobacco lifetime use was 41.1% of the total, which is lower than the prevalence observed in the USA (70.5%). The data on the lifetime use of marijuana in Brazil (6.9%) approximated the findings for Colombia (5.4%), however, being much lower than that observed in the USA (34.2%) and the United Kingdom (25.0%). The prevalence of lifetime use of cocaine was 2.3%, well below the levels for the USA with 11.2% of the total population. The abuse of inhalants was 5.8% of the total, greater than that found in Colombia (1.4%) and about four times less than that in the United Kingdom with 20.0%. Among the medicaments, stimulants had a 1.5% prevalence of lifetime use, and that of benzodiazepines had similar percentages in Brazil (3.3%) and in the USA (5.8%). In this survey, only four individuals reported lifetime use of heroin, which was equivalent to about 0.04% of the sample and much lower than that in the USA with 1.2% and in Colombia reaching 1.5%. These findings will allow the implementation of public policies fitted to the situation with psychotropic drugs in Brazil.
journal_name
Addict Behavjournal_title
Addictive behaviorsauthors
Galduróz JC,Noto AR,Nappo SA,Carlini EAdoi
10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.004keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-03-01 00:00:00pages
545-56issue
3eissn
0306-4603issn
1873-6327pii
S0306-4603(04)00282-5journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We investigated whether smoking is a risk factor for relative cognitive decline from age 11 to 64 years. The potentially confounding effects of childhood IQ, occupational status, level of education, presence of heart disease, hypertension, and lung function were examined. Subjects were nondemented and living independe...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.04.014
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comorbidity of drug abuse and various forms of psychopathology is pervasive and well documented. In particular, the incidence of depression, anxiety, and antisocial personality disorder is high among substance abusers relative to non-drug abusers. Offender populations have a high rate of substance abuse, and some ...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)90014-0
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::77 individuals convicted of a drinking and driving (DUI) offense were screened for recidivism approximately 12 years following their first offense. At the time of the initial DUI conviction, participants were administered the MAST and the MMPI-2. Participants' drinking history and driving history and arrest at the tim...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.06.029
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Greek-affiliated college students have been found to drink more heavily and frequently than other students. With female student drinking on the rise over the past decade, sorority women may be at particular risk for heavy consumption patterns. The current study is the first to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.11.002
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite a growing body of research examining correlates and consequences of COVID-19, few findings have been published among military veterans. This limitation is particularly concerning as preliminary data indicate that veterans may experience a higher rate of mortality compared to their civilian counterparts. One fa...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106692
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Personality is one of several factors that have been related to the initiation, maintenance and cessation of smoking. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the alternative five-factor model of personality (AFFM), nicotine dependence (ND), nicotine use (NU) and cessation after twelve months of a cognitive...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.05.008
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has indicated that individuals high in social comparison orientation (SCO) are more influenced by the behavior and perceived norms of others. However, despite research indicating that behavior is more closely influenced by and modeled on more socially proximal reference groups, most social comparison research...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.029
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine dependence is a chronically relapsing disorder for which its predominant behavioral therapies are associated with only partial efficacy. The goal of this study was to determine if the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor partial agonist and cognitive enhancer, d-cycloserine (DCS), could boost the coc...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.008
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Social stress in the form of maladaptive relationship conflict is a common precipitant to alcohol misuse and problems. Research has also established a clear causal association between alcohol misuse and relationship conflict in the form of intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite the robust literature linking...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106474
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To differentiate groups of highly conditioned, competitive athletes on the basis of Exercise Orientation Questionnaire (EOQ) scores and self-reported psychiatric symptoms. METHOD:A total of 99 runners, 36 cyclists, and 55 paddlers were administered the EOQ and a symptom checklist. RESULTS:Analysis of varian...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(02)00263-0
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have examined the validity of the tension reduction hypothesis as an explanatory model for the development of alcohol problems, but support has been inconsistent. In recent years, researchers have begun to examine how various individual differences variables moderate the relationship between alcohol co...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00190-3
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study evaluated whether anxiety sensitivity (AS) was related to negative reinforcement smoking motives and increased risk of relapse during the early stages of a quit attempt. Specifically, the role of AS was evaluated in 60 smokers with past major depressive disorder (MDD) during smoking cessation. Consis...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00241-6
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixing alcohol with diet beverages, as compared to mixing the same amount of alcohol with a regular beverage, is associated with greater intoxication. This may occur because diet mixers increase alcohol absorption rates. Thus, it is plausible that the use of diet mixers may increase the risk of alcohol-related harms. ...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.021
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Problematic Internet use (PIU) and problematic alcohol use are two pervasive problems during adolescence that share similar characteristics and predictors. The first objective of this study was to analyze the temporal and reciprocal relationships among the main components of PIU from the cognitive-behavioral model (pr...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.009
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A descriptive study of 94 Latino smokers receiving nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in US-Mexico border clinics in El Paso County, Texas was conducted. A baseline questionnaire and two follow-up telephone surveys (8-12 weeks and 6 months) were administered to evaluate smoking habits, behaviors, and cessation interve...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.022
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study determined whether adolescents in four stages of change provided significantly different ratings on evaluations of a tobacco awareness and cessation program and the program facilitators. A systematic sample of 639 adolescents in four stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00265-9
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the association linking truancy and drug-related experiences among adolescents surveyed via a street outreach program. A total of 2126 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years recruited from Taipei street sites completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence of illicit dru...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.04.011
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assertion is a major focus of many social skills interventions for alcoholics. The assessment of assertion often relies on self-report measures. However, few psychometric data are available on the most frequently used instruments. This study determined the internal characteristics and structure of two commonly employe...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4603(89)90012-9
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the relationship between Eysenck's personality traits and tobacco/nicotine dependence in a male population, a random sample of 200 male ever-smokers aged 35 or older from a community in Japan were interviewed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), whic...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00019-2
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), the most studied forms of which are depressive ruminations and anxious worry, is a unique transdiagnostic process responsible for the development and maintenance of many mental disorders. Over the past decade, studies have shown that RNT could be involved in the development and main...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106561
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty clients receiving Twelve-Step Facilitation Therapy in a rehabilitation setting formed the intervention group. They were asked to complete in third person a weekly evaluation of progress based on reading personal "Feelings" diaries they had written on a daily basis over a period of one week, starting 3weeks prev...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.05.011
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychosocial differences between criminal-justice-referred and voluntary clients, using a sample of 996 men and women in residential drug treatment in northern New Jersey, were explored. Results suggest differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups as well as differences in attitudes and behaviors ...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(95)00102-6
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:This study assessed the prevalence of substance use in sons and daughters of opioids addicts in Iran. MEASUREMENTS:A confidential semistructured interview and DSM-IV criteria were used. Data were gathered from 500 subjects (225 men and 275 women). These subjects were selected randomly from sons and daughters of 5...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00260-x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Jitai tablets (JTT) versus methadone in a community drug treatment program. METHODS:A cohort study was conducted with 386 eligible subjects from 7 districts to 65 communities in Shanghai. The subjects were placed into the JTT group (n=206) or the metha...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.05.013
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Clinical trials require sufficient samples recruited within limited time and budget constraints. Trials with minors are additionally burdened by the requirement for youth assent and parental permission. This paper details the use of Facebook ads and traditional paper mailings to enroll 797 adolescent girls...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.011
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, reports have suggested that cannabis withdrawal occurs commonly in adults with cannabis dependence, though it is unclear whether this extends to those with comorbid depression or to comorbid adolescents. We hypothesized that cannabis withdrawal would be common among our sample of comorbid adolescents and you...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.02.001
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is critical that the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) be transparent and comprehensive. The aim of this study was to examine if adopting standards of reporting, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), improved the quality of reporting of alcohol treatment outcome studies. RCTs were...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.02.009
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tobacco use often starts in adolescence, yet assessment of dependence among adolescent smokers remains a challenge, particularly given the potential discord between self-reports of smoking behavior and actual use. We could find no prior study, among adolescents, that directly compares the association betwe...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.06.013
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Craving has been proposed as a major contributor to addiction relapse and the influence of mood on craving and substance use has been extensively documented. However, information is lacking concerning the extent to which the magnitude of these effects may vary according to different types of substances. Th...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.041
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::People in modern society use an ever increasing variety of psychoactive substances to help them cope with the increasing amount of stress they experience in the course of their lives. A survey was undertaken to investigate the role of smoking as a coping strategy and the relationship between smoking, the other coping ...
journal_title:Addictive behaviors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4603(85)90002-4
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00