Nitric oxide and superoxide in the renal medulla: a delicate balancing act.

abstract：:The proximal tubule in the kidney is a main organ for the metabolic clearance of small peptide hormones, and is intensively involved in reabsorption, storage and homeostatic regulation of different vitamins. Recently, the endocytic membrane protein megalin has been shown to bind several smaller peptides, including ins...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Christensen EI,Birn H

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nitric oxide is a potent, endogenous vasodilator that regulates systemic blood pressure and renal function, among other functions. The bioactivity of nitric oxide is reduced by superoxide, a major reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of superoxide and other related reactive oxygen species resulting...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Araujo M,Welch WJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Due to the organ shortage, which prevents over 90 000 individuals in the United States from receiving life-saving transplants, the transplant community has begun to critically reevaluate whether organ sources that were previously considered too risky provide a survival benefit to waitlist candidates. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Ruck JM,Segev DL

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is mounting evidence that elevated serum phosphorus is an important cardiovascular risk factor in patients with end stage renal disease. Recent work has shown that vascular smooth muscle cells have the ability to undergo osteoblastic differentiation and produce an environment conducive to mineralization. Serum p...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Block GA

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review will critically highlight the role of leukotrienes as mediators of renal diseases and drug nephrotoxicity. It will also discuss the recently identified mechanism of cysteinyl leukotrienes induction and action, and will propose clinical implementation of these findings. RECENT FINDINGS:Sin...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Rubinstein M,Dvash E

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby hypertension causes vascular and cardiac disease are beginning to be understood. Angiotensin II, perhaps because so many probes to explore its action are available, is emerging as a central pathogenetic factor in the development of both vascular and cardiac hypertrophy. It...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Oliver JA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a major role in the regulation of sodium transport in the collecting duct and hence sodium balance. This review describes recent findings in the regulation of ENaC function by serine proteases in particular and other regulatory aspects. R...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Hamm LL,Feng Z,Hering-Smith KS

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension through effects on renal blood flow and sodium handling. This review will update recent advances that explore the renal actions of immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS:Populations of cells...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Wen Y,Crowley SD

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Obesity is becoming recognized as one of the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension. The purpose of the review is to examine the latest evidence linking hypertension to obesity, summarize the benefits of weight reduction and present results of recent clinical trials evaluating...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Chrostowska M,Szczech R,Narkiewicz K

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute ischemic or toxic injury to the kidney induces alterations in the expression of many genes. Some of these molecular responses have been termed 'maladaptive' because they exacerbate the tubular damage induced by the initiating insult. Some maladaptive responses include alterations in the activity of nitric oxide ...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Lieberthal W

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Secretion and reabsorption of organic cations in kidney is mediated by polyspecific transporters with broadly overlapping substrate specificity. Knowledge concerning function, transported compounds, clinical impact of mutations in the transporters and drug-drug interactions is rapidly increasing. Rece...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Koepsell H

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past 12 months additional evidence has emerged from several studies, indicating that hepatitis C virus infection is the most important liver disease after renal transplantation. A new, severe and rare entity called fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis can lead to early liver failure, although the most important ...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Morales JM,Campistol JM,Andrés A,Rodicio JL

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal tubular cells die by apoptosis as well as necrosis in experimental models of ischemic and toxic acute renal failure as well as in humans with acute tubular necrosis. It is not yet possible, however, to determine the relative contribution of these two forms of cell death to loss of renal tubular cells in acute tu...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Bonegio R,Lieberthal W

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenesis of acute renal failure has been attributed to persistent vasoconstriction and leukocyte-endothelial interactions, resulting in inflammation and compromise of local blood flow to the outer medulla, the loss of tubular epithelial cell polarity with multiple functional sequelae, necrosis or apoptosis of ...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Sheridan AM,Bonventre JV

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat shock proteins, or stress proteins, are molecular chaperones responsible for protein processing and protection against cellular injury through the prevention of inappropriate peptide interactions. The distribution of individual stress proteins varies between regions of the kidney and within subcellular compartmen...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Van Why SK,Siegel NJ

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Obesity, which has reached epidemic prevalence, is now recognized as an independent risk factor for increasing blood pressure. The complex mechanisms of obesity-related hypertension are unclear, but several studies have provided evidence of a hypertensive shift in pressure natriuresis. Excess sympathe...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Coatmellec-Taglioni G,Ribière C

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The renin-angiotensin system is not what it was, or for that matter not necessarily where we thought it should be. For example, there is a novel angiotensin I-metabolizing enzyme that generates angiotensin 1-7 rather than angiotensin II. Moreover, we are slowly realizing the importance of local rather...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Fleming I,Kohlstedt K,Busse R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is much interest in cystatin C to replace or supplement serum creatinine to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Here we review the performance of cystatin C and combined creatinine-cystatin C estimating equations compared to creatinine-based estimating equations in chronic and acute k...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Inker LA,Okparavero A

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily of carrier proteins. NGAL is the first known mammalian protein which specifically binds organic molecules called siderophores, which are high-affinity iron chelators. Here, we review the expression, siderophore-...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Schmidt-Ott KM,Mori K,Kalandadze A,Li JY,Paragas N,Nicholas T,Devarajan P,Barasch J

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review highlights the role of phosphorylation in the trafficking and targeting of aquaporin 2. Current knowledge will be put into the context of modulating the cell surface expression of aquaporin 2 by vasopressin in renal epithelial cells, which is critical for regulation of urinary concentratio...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Brown D,Hasler U,Nunes P,Bouley R,Lu HA

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of hypertension is extremely high in end-stage renal disease, and is a probable contributor to the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease. However, the paucity of prospective, randomized clinical trials makes it difficult to precisely define treatment strategies. Therefore, at pre...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Zager P,Nikolic J,Raj DS,Tzamaloukas A,Campbell M

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Calciphylaxis remains a poorly understood vascular calcification disorder with predilection for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent data from large patient registries and databases have begun to provide information regarding incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in patients with calci...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Nigwekar SU

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Epithelial sodium channels mediate Na+ transport across high resistance, Na+-transporting epithelia. This review describes recent findings that indicate that epithelial sodium channels are activated by the proteolytic release of inhibitory peptides from the alpha and gamma subunits. RECENT FINDINGS:N...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Hughey RP,Carattino MD,Kleyman TR

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in dialysis patients. Efforts at coronary artery disease detection in end-stage renal disease patients have primarily focused on the cardiac evaluation of 'high-risk' renal transplant candidates. Despite their high cardiac risk, no data exist on the results of reperfu...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Herzog CA

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The discovery of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CasR has broadened our understanding of calcium homeostasis and led to the development of new pharmacological agents, calcimimetics, for treating hyperparathyroidism. In the present review, I discuss the function of CasR as well as provide e...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Quarles LD

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inadequately controlled blood pressure is considered an important risk factor for both chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular disease progression in CKD patients. Patients with CKD and hypertension are typically followed in primary care practice settings and blood pressure is not ...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： St Peter WL,Farley TM,Carter BL

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Klotho is a transmembrane protein that acts as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Recent investigations have discovered the presence of Klotho in bone-forming osteoblasts and osteocytes. This review summarizes emerging literature on the roles of bone Klotho in mineral and bone meta...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Komaba H,Lanske B

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Autonomic dysfunction is well recognized in chronic kidney disease. The baroreflex arc is an important component of the autonomic nervous system and influences vasodilatation and heart rate in response to information derived from baroreceptors located in the aorta and common carotid arteries. Appropri...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Chesterton LJ,McIntyre CW

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) manifest as a spectrum of related disorders in the form of thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). New data on both diseases support more and more the relatedness of the disorders and reveal related pathomechanisms, which, however, manife...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Zipfel PF,Heinen S,Skerka C

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor contribute to resistant hypertension and cardiovascular mortality, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists effectively reduce these complications. Their use is limited in certain populations with a higher risk of hyperkalemia or renal dysfunction. This...

journal_title：Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

authors： Luther JM

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00