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Amino acid requirements for formation of the TGF-beta-latent TGF-beta binding protein complexes.

Abstract：

:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is secreted primarily as a latent complex consisting of the TGF-beta homodimer, the TGF-beta propeptides (called the latency-associated protein or LAP) and the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). Mature TGF-beta remains associated with LAP by non-covalent interactions that block TGF-beta from binding to its receptor. Complex formation between LAP and LTBP is mediated by an intramolecular disulfide exchange between the third 8-cysteine (8-Cys3) domain of LTBP with a pair of cysteine residues in LAP. Only the third 8-Cys domains of LTBP-1, -3, and -4 bind LAP. From comparison of the 8-Cys3(LTBP-1) structure with that of the non-TGF-beta-binding 8-Cys6(fibrillin-1), we observed that a two-residue insertion in 8-Cys3(LTBP-1) increased the potential for disulfide exchange of the 2-6 disulfide bond. We further proposed that five negatively charged amino acid residues surrounding this bond mediate initial protein-protein association. To validate this hypothesis, we monitored binding by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis and co-expression assays with TGF-beta1 LAP (LAP-1) and wild-type and mutant 8-Cys3 domains. FRET experiments demonstrated ionic interactions between LAP-1 and 8-Cys3. Mutation of the five amino acid residues revealed that efficient complex formation is most dependent on two of these residues. Although 8-Cys3(LTBP-1) binds proTGF-betas effectively, the domain from LTBP-4 does so poorly. We speculated that this difference was due to the substitution of three acidic residues by alanine, serine, and arginine in the LTBP-4 sequence. Additional experiments with 8-Cys3(LTBP-4) indicated that enhanced binding of LAP to 8-Cys3(LTBP-4) is achieved if the residues A, S, and R are changed to those in 8-Cys3(LTBP1) (D, D, and E) and the QQ dipeptide insertion of LTBP-4 is changed to the FP in 8-Cys3(LTBP-1). These studies identify surface residues that contribute to the interactions of 8-Cys3 and LAP-1 and may yield information germane to the interaction of 8-Cys domains and additional TGF-beta superfamily propeptides, an emerging paradigm for growth factor regulation.

journal_name

J Mol Biol

journal_title

Journal of molecular biology

authors

Chen Y,Ali T,Todorovic V,O'leary JM,Kristina Downing A,Rifkin DB

doi

10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.039

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-01-07 00:00:00

pages

175-86

issue

1

eissn

0022-2836

issn

1089-8638

pii

S0022-2836(04)01331-2

journal_volume

345

pub_type

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