Abstract:
:The chronic methamphetamine (MAP) intoxication model of schizophrenia in animals is outlined. The idea originated from the clinical and neurochemical similarities between MAP psychosis and schizophrenia that were found during the decade immediately after World War II when MAP abuse occurred in epidemic proportions in Japan. The chronic intoxication model is produced by daily injections of a small dose of MAP into animals for several weeks or months. Behavioral studies with various species of animals from guinea pigs to monkeys produced essentially the same disorders as those observed in human abusers. Specifically, monkeys manifest psychotic behaviors, which appear to result from perceptual-cognitive disturbances, as well as enduring autistic behavior disorders that resemble the defect symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, the psychotic behaviors were found to have a high relapse liability; they recurred readily after the readministration of the drug or under nonspecific stress conditions. The difference and relationship between the chronic MAP intoxication model and the amphetamine stereotypy (acute intoxication) model are discussed.
journal_name
Schizophr Bulljournal_title
Schizophrenia bulletinauthors
Machiyama Ydoi
10.1093/schbul/18.1.107keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
107-13issue
1eissn
0586-7614issn
1745-1701journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Changed synapse density has been suggested to be involved in the altered brain connectivity underlying schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology. However, postmortem studies addressing this topic are heterogeneous and it is not known whether changes are restricted to specific brain regions. Using meta-analysis, we systematically ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz060
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Similarities in clinical course, age of onset, geographical distribution, and immunological responses of patients with schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest that these two common illnesses of young adults may belong to a similar class of disorders. This review examines some of the similarities and differen...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/14.2.231
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:A proinflammatory imbalance in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) system may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorders (BDs) and related comorbidities. We investigated the relative distribution of TNF-related molecules in blood and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in these...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw183
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cannabis use is associated with a younger age at onset of psychosis, an indicator of poor prognosis, but better cognitive function, a positive prognostic indicator. We aimed to clarify the role of age at onset and cognition on outcomes in cannabis users with first-episode schizophrenia as well as the effect o...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq153
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia patients have higher scores on neurological soft-signs (NSS) and show greater deficits on a variety of neuropsychological tests than normal control subjects and mixed groups of psychiatric patients. Among chronic schizophrenia patients it is unclear which of these types of deficits most strongly differen...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033421
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the leading theories of the neuropathology of schizophrenia is that it is a developmental disorder of "neural connectivity." To assess this theory, it is first necessary to understand how precise neural connections normally are established. Sensory-driven neural activity has been widely recognized as crucial fo...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006880
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A critique is offered of Samuels' article suggesting that reported sex differences in concordance rates for schizophrenia are either methodological artifacts or a function of sociological processes. Evidence of sex differences in age of onset, clinical expression, concordance rates among primary relatives, and premorb...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/5.1.4
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing awareness of the importance of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia has fostered considerable interest in the prospects for cognitive rehabilitation. Nevertheless, optimism has outpaced progress. We first review recent literature on the central assumptions that underlie cognitive rehabilitation, incl...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033377
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with schizophrenia are often characterized as lacking insight or awareness into their illness and symptoms, yet despite considerable research, we still lack a full understanding of the factors involved in causing poor awareness. Within schizophrenia, there has been shown to be a fractionation across dimension...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq100
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects about 1.1% of the adult US population annually. Hallucinations, delusions, and impaired reality testing are prominent symptoms of the disorder. Modeling these symptoms is difficult because it is unclear how to assess impaired reality testing in animals. Animals ca...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp050
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased critical stimulus duration among nonpsychotic subjects with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2-7-8 profiles in the Merritt and Balogh letter-discrimination procedure is consistent with the view that this abnormality might be a vulnerability indicator for a poor prognosis, chronic type of schizophr...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/11.3.344
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies indicate a high prevalence of childhood trauma in patient cohorts with established psychotic disorder and in those at risk of developing psychosis. A causal link between childhood trauma and development of psychosis has been proposed. We aimed to examine the association between experience of childhood trauma a...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt032
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the course of illness and factors affecting it in schizophrenias with onset between the ages of 14 and 18. Noteworthy in comparison to findings from other followup studies is the higher proportion of chronic courses of illness, about 50 percent. In addition, the type of course of illness correspond...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/19.4.831
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Stressful life events have been implicated in the onset of psychotic disorders, but there are few robust studies. We sought to examine the nature and magnitude of associations between adult life events and difficulties and first-episode psychoses, particularly focusing on contextual characteristics, including...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa005
更新日期:2020-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::We report a 25-year followup of a group of 50 children at genetic risk for schizophrenia (by virtue of having a parent with the disorder) and 50 matched controls. The children who eventually developed schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including schizophrenia, were identifiable by cognitive-psychophysiological, neuroin...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/21.2.227
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate patterns of mental health service and antipsychotic use following a first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and to examine the role of the treatment setting in which individuals are first diagnosed. METHOD:Analysis of de-identified administrative claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse was use...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz031
更新日期:2020-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in functional genomics have facilitated the identification of multiple genes and isoforms associated with the genetic risk of schizophrenia, yet the causal variations remain largely unclear. A previous study reported that the schizophrenia risk single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7085104 at 10q24.32...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa098
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the performance of 39 biological relatives of persons with schizophrenia to that of 30 normal adult controls on graphesthesia processing, a complex somatosensory processing task. The relatives performed significantly worse on the graphesthesia task compared to the healthy controls. The relatives an...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007082
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor abnormalities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have increasingly attracted scientific interest in the past years. However, the neural mechanisms underlying parkinsonism in SSD are unclear. The present multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study examined SSD patients with and without parkinsonism, ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa007
更新日期:2020-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified >100 susceptibility loci for schizophrenia (SCZ) and demonstrated that SCZ is a polygenic disorder determined by numerous genetic variants but with small effect size. We conducted a GWAS in the Japanese (JPN) population (a) to detect novel SCZ-susceptibility gene...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby140
更新日期:2019-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::The schizophrenia research community has shared a belief that the incidence of schizophrenia shows little variation. This belief is related to the dogma that schizophrenia affects all individuals equally, regardless of sex, race, or nationality. However, there is now robust evidence that the incidence of schizophrenia...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi052
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for the existence of a genetic factor in the etiology of a significant proportion of the people diagnosed as having a schizophrenic disorder is reviewed. It is suggested that whatever is transmitted genetically need not be inherently pathologic and/or pathogenic. It is argued that only people who have certain...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/5.3.453
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most research literature concerning pharmacological treatments reports results from controlled clinical trials, which provide data critical to assess the efficacy of new treatments in research populations. Fewer studies examine how treatments are adopted in everyday practice settings, where comorbid disorders and envi...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006924
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a survey of 151 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2000, and a mail survey in a representative sample of the general population of Geneva in 1996 (n = 742), to compare alcohol consumption and alcoholism in these two samples. Fewer patients with schizophre...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007144
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pilot study of the effects of metacognition-oriented social skills training (MOSST) on social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) reported promising results. The main purpose of the current trial was to compare the effectiveness and potential benefits of MOSST vs conventional social ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx168
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::The original CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for psychosEs (CHOICE) measure was designed in collaboration with experts by experience as a patient-reported "Psychological Recovery" outcome measure for cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp). A short version (CHOICE-SF) was developed to use as a brief outcome measure...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa173
更新日期:2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) includes neuropsychological deficits in attention, working memory, verbal learning, and problem solving. These deficits have been shown to be linked to impairment in functional status (eg, social behavior, work performance, and activities of daily living) among...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl004
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoking was consistently found to be more prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia than in other psychiatric groups and the general population. These findings have been interpreted as evidence of a specific association between schizophrenia and smoking. However, the supporting data come primaril...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn066
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persistent negative symptoms represent an alternative approach for assessing negative symptoms in the context of clinical trials. Persistent negative symptoms are designed to capture those symptoms that lead to functional impairment but are currently understudied and for which there are no currently available effectiv...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl057
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1917, Eugen Bleuler published an article (Mendelismus bei Psychosen, speziell bei der Schizophrenie [Mendelism in the Psychoses, especially Schizophrenia]) in response to the recently published first systematic family study of dementia praecox (DP) by Ernst Rüdin, then working under Kraepelin in Munich. Although br...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz131
更新日期:2020-07-08 00:00:00