Abstract:
:There have been a number of studies looking at the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in different racial and geographical populations. Some of the earliest studies suggested a difference in the prevalence of PD in African Americans as compared with Caucasians. As such a difference would have important implications for healthcare and research into the etiology of PD, we undertook a review of published studies to determine whether evidence suggested that such a difference exists. We reviewed 20 studies that looked at incidence, prevalence, and percentages of neurology patients with PD and Parkinsonism in Africa and in African-American populations. Two of these were door-to-door studies that relied on questionnaires for initial ascertainment, another was performed by review of outpatient records of a large health maintenance organization, while the remainder were based on hospital admissions, diagnosis in the community, or death certificate reports. In the aggregate, these studies suggest PD may be less frequent among Africans and African Americans than among Caucasians, although the most well-designed study showed only a statistically insignificant reduction in the prevalence of PD among African Americans. Although an apparently lower disease frequency among people of African origin may have a basis in the pathobiology of the disease, nearly all of these studies were vulnerable to a variety of ascertainment biases, and many lacked stringent application of diagnostic criteria applied by specialists trained in movement disorders. We conclude that a difference in the prevalence of PD and Parkinsonism between black and other populations is unproven and will require additional well-designed studies to determine if previously reported ethnic differences in disease prevalence are real.
journal_name
J Natl Med Assocjournal_title
Journal of the National Medical Associationauthors
McInerney-Leo A,Gwinn-Hardy K,Nussbaum RLkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
974-9issue
7eissn
0027-9684issn
1943-4693journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE:To explore why some African-American smokers choose not to use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) when attempting smoking cessation. DESIGN AND SETTING:Semistructured audiotaped qualitative telephone interviews. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-three participants who were enrolled in a five-week cessation program were off...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31211-6
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abstract::The title "Doctor" has an interesting and not commonly understood inception, and those entitled to use the accolade Doctor have had an interesting evolution. The title is now used by a plethora of individuals with a variety of skills and levels of achievement. A random survey of the population reveals that the public ...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the clinical recognition, diagnosis, and management of ectopic pregnancy at the Queen of Angels Hospital for the past 15 years. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy to deliveries is 1:195. Pain is the cardinal symptom of ectopic pregnancy, and amenorrhea of some degree was present in all cases. Pel...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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abstract::In WWI, the United States was segregated by custom and law, and the Army obeyed the laws, reducing opportunities for Black medical professionals to serve their country in uniform. This article surveys African-American medical personnel serving in the US Army in World War I. It includes physicians, dentists, veterinari...
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doi:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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abstract::A questionnaire was developed to assess religiously based moral beliefs about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The questionnaire was administered to a group of primarily black physicians, a selection of freshman medical students, two groups of clergy representing contrasting philosophical orientations, a group of y...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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doi:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid reservoir of the body and is subject to damage that compromises the cellular and humoral defense mechanism. With the increasing numbers of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), health-care practiti...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:To review technological advances in the field of radiation oncology in the management of benign and malignant diseases. BASIC PROCEDURES:We reviewed major advances in the field of radiation oncology in the past decade with special emphasis on reduction of treatment related toxicities, and technolo...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to carcinoma of the gallbladder has not been reported previously. Such a combination is reported and a review of the pertinent literature presented. ...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-one patients with postpolio syndrome were surveyed to determine otolaryngologic symptoms. An alteration in voice, dysphagia, and fatigue were the most common symptoms reported. Prevailing etiologic theories are presented, and treatment recommendations are offered. ...
journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::In sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Sub-Saharan Africa has seen the woeful failure of World Health Organization (WHO) targets of detecting 70% of the infectious cases of tuberculosis and curing > or =85%....
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