Abstract：
:The Human Genome Project has resulted in a new era in the field of pharmacogenetics in which researchers are rapidly discovering new genetic variation, which may help to explain interindividual variability in drug efficacy and toxicity. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the role of genetic inheritance in individual variation in drug response and toxicity. With the convergence of advances in pharmacogenetics and human genomics, the field of pharmacogenomics has emerged during the past decade. Pharmacogenomics is used to refer to the study of the relationship between specific DNA-sequence variation and drug effect. In few other disciplines of medicine are the clinical examples of pharmacogenetics more striking than in oncology. In this field, treatment of patients with cancer is accomplished primarily through the use of chemotherapeutic drugs that have narrow therapeutic indexes, ie, the difference between the toxic and therapeutic dose is relatively small. In this review, we discuss several selected, clinically relevant examples of ways in which sequence variation in genes that encode drug enzymes, transporters, and drug targets can alter the efficacy and/or adverse-effect profile of "standard" doses of chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, we discuss some of the ways in which physicians are currently applying this knowledge in the treatment of patients with cancer.
journal_name
Mayo Clin Procjournal_title
Mayo Clinic proceedingsauthors
Goetz MP,Ames MM,Weinshilboum RMdoi
10.4065/79.3.376keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-01 00:00:00pages
376-84issue
3eissn
0025-6196issn
1942-5546pii
S0025-6196(11)62870-Xjournal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The management of CKD requires balancing the benefits of specific treatments, which may exacerbate the potential for hyperkalemia, with the risks of hyperkalemia itself. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.05.019
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many misconceptions continue to persist in both the lay and the professional literature regarding the proper approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycemia. Often, patients with a symptom complex suggestive of hypoglycemia have normal levels of plasma glucose in association with these symptoms. The major diag...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(12)64790-9
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case is reported in which a herpes zoster infection caused recurrence of phantom limb pain in a man whose left arm had been amputated 7 years previously. It is, to our knowledge, the first such case reported, and it shows the importance of peripheral mechanisms in the generation of phantom limb pain. ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the Mayo Clinic from 1962 through 1973, 592 cesarean sections were done among 16,181 deliveries (3.7%); 48% were primary procedures, and 52% were performed because of previous cesarean delivery. Regional anesthesia using epidural block recently has replaced a balanced general anesthesia as the anesthesia of choice...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report, we describe 13 cases of primary neurofibrosarcoma of the skin. The tumor presumably arises from small cutaneous nerves, is locally aggressive, and has a potential for metastasis. Characteristic histopathologic features include proliferating atypical spindle cells with slender wavy and pointed nuclei; h...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65011-3
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All women who enter menopause experience amenorrhea unless they receive hormone replacement therapy. In younger women, amenorrhea unrelated to pregnancy and lactation can be a distressing symptom. In addition to its psychologic morbidity, amenorrhea may be the manifesting feature of a wide array of anatomic and endocr...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4065/72.12.1161
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There appears to be a spectrum of psychogenic urinary retention that is seen mostly in women. The degrees of psychiatric disorder and bladder disorder do not necessarily coincide. Some patients with psychogenic retention may have one acute episode temporally related to psychologic trauma. Others may present with probl...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan, 50-mg and 100-mg tablets, compared with placebo for treatment of migraine at the first sign of pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Two identical multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-attack studies were conducted from May through Nov...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.4065/78.10.1214
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between December 1980 and April 1986 at our institution, 38 patients with cancer that involved the tracheobronchial tree (a total of 40 carcinomas) completed at least one course of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy. A complete response occurred in 13 patients (with 14 carcinomas). Eleven of these carcinomas did ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61520-1
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative plasma fibrin D-dimer latex immunoassay (LIA) for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Study subjects were Mayo Clinic Rochester inpatients and outpatients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism; all had undergone quan...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4065/82.5.556
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the incidence and timing of fever in patients at risk for temperature modulation of brain injury resulting from ischemia or trauma. DESIGN:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients admitted between January 1991 and December 1994. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We investigated three grou...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0025-6196(11)64885-4
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a medical emergency that may be associated with severe neuronal injury. The mortality attributable to GCSE ranges from 3 to 35%. The disorder occurs most frequently in the young and the old extremes of the population. GCSE commonly occurs in patients with no history ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0025-6196(11)64844-1
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health-care organizations have recognized the need to prepare physicians for various leadership and management positions within their own institutions. In the past, those who desired further education had to search beyond the boundaries of their practice to fulfill this need. The demands of a dynamic and changing heal...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0025-6196(11)63574-X
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in native South Americans and identify the impact of geographic location. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:An epidemiological telephone survey of RLS symptoms involving natives from coastal and mountainous areas was performed during July 2, 2004, through Se...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4065/81.10.1345
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the single most common cause of death in the developed world, responsible for about 1 in every 5 deaths. The morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic importance of this disease make timely accurate diagnosis and cost-effective management of CAD of the utmost importance. This comprehensi...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4065/mcp.2009.0391
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A careful clinical history and physical examination are the most important components of the preoperative assessment of the cardiac patient who is to undergo a noncardiac surgical procedure. From these factors and the nature of the surgical procedure planned, a reasonable estimate of potential cardiac risk can be form...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(12)64980-5
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether women who had a hypertensive pregnancy disorder (HPD) have elevated uric acid concentrations decades after pregnancy as compared with women who had normotensive pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study measured uric acid concentrations in H...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.05.020
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of lidocaine on ischemic myocardium, which was induced by coronary artery constriction in open-chested dogs. A real-time epicardial fluorescent technique to detect in vivo-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) during 60 seconds of ischemia was used. Blood flo...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the role of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in predicting death, recurrent ischemic events, and heart failure among community-dwelling persons with first myocardial infarction (MI). PATIENTS AND METHODS:Consecutive Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with an incident MI between November 6, 2002, and D...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.11.013
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The positive relationship between the volume of health services (hospital and physician) and health-related outcomes is established in the complex surgical treatment of cancers and certain nononcologic medical conditions. However, this topic has not been systematically explored in the medical management of cancers. We...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.003
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three case reports in this article illustrate the diagnostic methods used and the treatment course encountered for many patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). Each case addresses an aspect of DPNP: pain that appears to be refractory to initial therapy, DPNP occurring with other medical conditions, ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(11)61476-6
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional treatments for men with localized prostate cancer have included both surgical removal and radiation therapy, with their potential adverse effects on patient quality of life. Thus, there has been increasing interest in the development of minimally invasive procedures that use various technologies to deliver...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4065/79.12.1547
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the usefulness of bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations in identifying or predicting relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before discontinuation of chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 113 children with ALL ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4065/71.9.854
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess early and late outcomes, including bleeding, in patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PATIENTS AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective single-center study of patients with preprocedural thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤100,000/μL; n=204) undergoing PC...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.05.008
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The introduction of transesophageal echocardiography has provided a new acoustic window to the heart and mediastinum. High-quality images of certain cardiovascular structures [left atrial appendage, thoracic aorta, mitral valvular apparatus, and atrial septum] can be obtained readily (average examination, 15 to 20 min...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65529-3
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an increased risk of stroke or poststroke mortality. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 30,165 patients with new TBI and 120,660 persons withou...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.09.019
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among 169 adult pathologically staged patients with Hodgkin's disease who were treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1974 and 1978, we identified four cases of second malignant lesions that developed. The median duration of follow-up after diagnosis for the entire population was 4.1 years. Of the 169 patients, 73 receive...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60440-6
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the incidence of selected systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) in approximately 14,000 male rescue/recovery workers enrolled in the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program and to compare FDNY incidence to rates from demographically similar men in the ...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.09.019
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects that new or current-generation cellular telephones have on medical devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS:For this study, performed at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, between March 9, 2004, and April 24, 2004, we tested 16 different medical device...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4065/80.10.1286
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal wall pain (AWP) is a common and underrecognized cause of chronic abdominal pain. The etiology of AWP varies. History and physical examination are critical to an accurate diagnosis of AWP. Trigger point injection using either a corticosteroid, a local anesthetic, or a combination of both often gives relief of...
journal_title：Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.031
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
